Applicants’ Handbook

General guidance:

The entrance examination consists of drawing, painting, and composition assignments; the drawing assignment is naturmort, composed of plastered geometric bodies or, exceptionally, a plaster head; the painting assignment is a simple naturmort, consisting of household items, vegetables, and fruit with drapes; and the composition assignment is performed on a given topic.

At least 8 to 10 hours (2 days each of 5 academic hours) are devoted to the drawing and painting task, while the composition devotes 1 day (5 academic hours) to the overall evaluation.

At the time of receipt of the documents, applicants are interviewed for the mandatory presentation of their own homework by drawing, painting and composition.

Drawing examination

A pattern of an antique model of the plaster head. Requirements: The composite solution of the drawing on the sheet plane, in accordance with the principles of artistic perception, is to design a design of the living head using observational perspective, plastic anatomy and proportional relationships. Using the pencil's technical ability to show the mass of the ×-space shape of the plaster head and its "cut-off" character, the plastic features of the image, the size of the sheet is 0.5. Material: paper, pencil.

Naturmort with plastered geometric bodies. Requirements: Composition decision drawing on the following table of contents of the table: The plane of the sheet, the design of the drawing, the application of the observational perspective and the proportional relationship. Using the pencil's technical ability to show the volume of the object's mass shape and its " cut-off " characterization.

The sheet size is 0.5. Material: paper, pencil.

Painting examination 

Painting from the nature of Naturmort of several household items against the background of color drapers.

Requirements: To build a turmurmortem based on Classic concepts of teaching and creative work: to implement the painting solution of the Naturmoret: to withstand the coloural gamma of the Naturmoret, the dependence of the colour solution on the coverage of the objects of the production, the colour and tone relations, the painting and tone of the interpretation of the plans of the composition; to decide on the originality of the painting of the design. By means of painting, show the materiality of the items of the taturmoret, the size of the 0.5list, the material: paper, the watermelon, the guash.

Concise examination

Composition of the subject ornament under different visual conditions of the examination (band, square, circle, oval, polygon, etc.)

Requirements: expressed artistic and artistic The composition of the composition is in accordance with the basic laws of the composition (type, style, rhythm, colour dominant, etc.) Graphic and graphical expression of the design of the composition. Level of ownership of art materials in the execution of the ornament

The sheet size is 0.5. Material: paper, pencil, feather, carcass, aquarel, guash, tempera (chosen by choice).

The tasks to be performed by the applicants in the entrance examinations are as follows:

Figure:

1. Compilation

2. Building a constructive environment

3. Proportions

4. Tontal solution

5. Quality of work

Painting:

1. Compilation

2. Building

3. Colour decision

4. Colorite

5. Quality of work

Music:

1. Suitable story

2. Compilation

3. Colour decision

4. Colorite

Quality
Work.

This programme is divided into two sections.

The first section lists the main mathematical concepts that should be used by the incoming persons, both orally and in the written examination.

The second section contains a list of questions on the theoretical part of the oral examination; in preparing for the written examination, it is useful to see the wording of the statements in this section.

Basic skills and skills: 

The examiner must be able to:

- to produce arithmetical actions over the numbers given as ordinary and decimal fractions; to round the data of the numbers and the results of the calculations with the required accuracy; to use a calculator or calculation tables.

- conduct the same transformations of many members, fractions containing variables; expressions containing the following:

Stolen, indicative, logarithmic and trigonometric functions

- Draw a graph of linear, quadratic, incremental, indicative, logarithmic and trignometric functions

- To solve the equations and inequalities of the first and second degrees, the equations and the inequalities that lead to them, such as the simplest equations and the inequalities that contain staggered, indicative, logarithmic and trigonometric functions

- to solve problems for the compilation of equations and equation systems.

- to display geometric figures in the drawing and to make the simplest structures on the plane.

- Use geometrical representations in algebraic tasks and algebra and trigonometry techniques in geometric tasks.

- conduct on the plane of the vector operation (addition and subtracting of vectors, multiplying vector by number) and take advantage of the properties of these operations

- to use the concept of derivative in the study of the function by increasing (dropping) in extremes in the construction of the graphs of the functions

The amount of knowledge and material ownership described in the programme corresponds to the course of mathematics at the secondary level, and the recipient can use the full range of this course, including the beginning of the analysis. However, only the concepts and their properties listed in this programme are sufficiently well known for the examination tasks, and subjects and facts not studied in general education schools can also be used by those who do so, provided that they are able to explain and prove them.

Due to the abundance of textbooks and their regular reprinting, some of the second section's statements in some textbooks may be referred to differently than in the curriculum, formulated as tasks, or not at all; such cases do not make it unnecessary to know these allegations.

I. Main mathematical concepts and facts Arrhymetics, algebra and start analysis

Natural numbers (N). Simple and composite numbers, divider, multiple, most common divider, least total multiple.

The signs of separability are 2. 3, 5, 9, 10.

Number (Z). The numbers are rational (Q), add up, multiply and divide, compare rational numbers, real numbers (R) and represent them as decimals.

The image of numbers on a straight line, the true number module, its geometric meaning.

Numerical expressions. Expressions with variables. Abbreviation formulas.

The degree of natural and rationality of the indicator

Arrhymetic root.

Logarithms, their properties.

One member and multiple member.

A multi-member with one variable. The root of the multi-member is the example of a square three member.

The concept of function: methods of tasking a function, area of definition, multiple values of a function.

Function schedule: Extension and loss of function; frequency, h-value, non-schedule

A sufficient condition for the function to increase (missing) in between: the concept of the function's extreme; a necessary condition for the function's extreme (the Farm Theorem); a sufficient condition for the extreme; the highest and lowest value of the function in the interval.

Definition and main properties of the function: linear, square y = Ahh.2 +bx + c, Graduational level: у = Ahh.n ( n Î N ), y = kx ,

Illustrative Y=aх, Logarithmic, trignometric functions (y=sin)x; y = cosx; y = tgx), The math root, the equation, the roots of the equation, the concept of equal equations.

Inequalities, solutions to inequality, the notion of equal inequality.

The system of equations and inequalities, the system's decisions, the arithmetical and geometric progress, the n-member formula and the sum of the first n members of the geometric progress, the sinus and cosine of the sum and difference of the two arguments (formula), the conversion to the sum of sine. a ± b ;

cosa ± cos b .

Definition of the derivative. E. Physical and geometric meaning. Derivatives y = sin x ; y = cos x ; y = tgx ; y = a x ;

y = x n ( n Î Z ).

 Geometry

 Straight, beam, segment, broken, length of segment, angle, vertical and adjacent angles, circle, parallel lines.

 Examples of shape transformation, types of symmetry.

 Transform the image and its properties, vectors, vector operations, polygons, tops, sides, diagonals, triangles, its median, bissectress, height, triangles, relationships between sides and angles of a rectangular triangle.

 Four x coal: parallelograms, rectangle, Romb, square, trapeze.

Circle and circle, center, chord, diameter, radius.

It's about the circle, it's about the sector, it's about the circle, it's about the sector, it's about the circle, it's about the circle.

Central and written angles.

Area formulas: triangle, rectangle, parallellogram, diamond, square, trapeze.

The length of the circle and the length of the arc of the circle, the radiation measure of the angle, the area of the circle and the area of the sector.

It's like a figure like this, the ratio of the area of the figure.

Plane, parallel and intersecting planes.

A parallel line and plane.

Corner of the line with the plane, perpendicular to the plane.

Two-sided angles, a linear angle of a two-sided angle.

Perpendicularity of two planes.

Multi-borders, their vertices, pr, borderlines, diagonals, direct and inclined prisms, pyramids, the right prism and the right pyramid, parallelepipedics, their species.

Rotation diagrams: cylinder, cone, sphere, ball, center, diameter, sphere radius and ball, tangential plane to sphere.

Formulas of surface area and amount of prism

Formulas of surface area and the volume of the pyramid

Formulas of surface area and quantity of cylinder.

Formulas of surface area and volume of cone

Formulas for the volume of the ball.

Formulas of sphere area.

II. Basic formulas and theorems

Algebra and start analysis

Function properties: у = kx + b and e.g. schedule

k

Function properties: у = Ahh.2 + bx + c/ and e/ . schedule

The root formula of the square equation.

Degradation of the quadrant of the member by linear multipliers.

The properties of numerical inequalities.

Logarithm of work, degrees, private.

Definition and properties of functions y = sine x and y = cosine x and their graphs.

Definition and properties of the function y=tg x and e.g. schedule

Decision of species equation sine x = a; cosine x = a; tg x = a.

Ghost formulas.

The relationship between trigonometric functions of the same argument.

Trigonometric dual argument functions.

The sum of two functions produced.

Geometry

Equivalent triangle properties.

The properties of the dots are equal to those of the end of the segment.

Signs of parallel lines.

The sum of the angles of the triangle, the sum of the outer angles of the convex polygon.

The signs of a parallelogram.

The circle described near the triangle.

The circle that fits into the triangle.

It's about the circle and it's about the e.

Measurement of the angle inscribed in the circle.

Signs of a triangle.

The Pythagorean Theorem.

Formulas of parallellogram area, triangle, trapeze.

The formula for the distance between two points of the plane.

A circle equation.

A sign of parallel line and plane.

A sign of parallel planes.

Theorem of perpendicular to the line and plane.

Theorem of the three perpendiculars.

Mathematics ticket model Faculty of Physics and Mathematics

1. Features of function у = kx + b and e.g. schedule

Geometric progress, the n-member formula and the sum of n-members of progress.

2. Theorem of three perpendiculars. (Provide)

The angle of the line with the plane, perpendicular with the plane.

3. Decision of the equations of the species sine x = a; cosine x = a; tg x = a.

4. The height of the base of the correct triangular pyramid is 6 cm and the lateral rib forms an angle of 60° with the height of the pyramid. Find the volume of the pyramid.

Model ticket for non-special faculties

1. Cosine of the sum and the difference of the two arguments, main properties and the schedule of the function

y = ax2 + bx + c (a = 0)

2. Formulas of surface area and volume of prism: properties of the equidistant triangle

3. Address inequalities

х + 3	>	1	.
x2-5x+6		2

 

 

35

4. Find the volume of the right triangular prism if the sides of its base are equal to 2, and the area of the lateral surface is equal to the sum of the base area.

 

Model ticket for the written examination 1. To address inequalities:

 

2. The equation shall be determined as follows:

 

3. The equation shall be determined as follows:

 

4. To address inequalities:

 

5. A straight line containing the sides of the equibrous trapeze intersects at right angles. Find the length of the sides of the trapeze if the area is 12 cm.2 and the length of the height is 2 cm.

General guidance:

This programme is based on the general secondary school curriculum.

The wording of most of the paragraphs of the programme is essentially a developed response plan.

Preparation should focus on identifying the nature of physical laws and phenomena, on the ability to interpret the physical meaning of meanings and concepts, and on the ability to apply theoretical material to the task.

The examiner shall be able to use the SI system when calculating and know the off-system units specified in the programme.

The depth of the responses to the points in the programme is determined by the content of the published textbooks for secondary schools

I. Mechanics

Kinematics

Mechanical motion, relative mechanical motion, material point, output system, trajectory, vector of movement and projection, path, speed, compute speed.

Speed, coordinates, and the distance from time to time.

Crooked motion.

Equivalent motion around the circle, angle speed, time and frequency of circulation, acceleration of body while moving around the circle, free fall of bodies, acceleration of the free fall body.

Dynamics

Body interaction. Newton's first law, the concept of inertial systems of choice, the principle of Einstein's relativity, the concept of "inertial systems of choice" and the concept of "relativity" and "reciprocalness" of "reciprocal" of "inertial systems of choice"

Force in mechanics, build up the forces to the material point.

Body inertity, mass, density.

Newton's second law, units of measure of strength and mass.

Newton's third law.

The law of gravity of the world: Gravity constants and means of measurement, gravity, force of gravity, power of gravity, and power of height. The law of gravity, the law of gravity of gravity, the law of gravity of gravity, the law of gravity of gravity, the gravity of gravity, the gravity force, gravity force, gravity force of gravity force, gravity

The power of turgidity, the concept of distortion, the law of Guk.

Fragile forces, dry friction: friction of rest and friction of slip, coefficient of friction, viscous friction, application of Newton's laws to the movement of bodies, centre of body masses, weight of body, weightlessness, overloading, application of Newton's laws to the movement of the material point around the circle, movement of artificial satellites, first space velocity.

The laws of preservation in mechanics

Pulse (number of traffic) of the material point

Force pulse.

The body's impulse, the law.

Reactive motion.

Mechanical work, power, units of work and power.

kinetic energy, the connection between the growth of kinetic energy in the body and the work of the forces attached to the body.

Potential energy, potential body energy near the Earth's surface, potential energy viscosity of a deformed body.

The law on the preservation of mechanical energy.

Static of the tv

A moment of force relative to the axis of rotation.

The rule of moments.

Body equilibrium conditions, center of gravity, steady, unstable and indifferent balance of bodies.

 Liquid and gas mechanics

Pressure: pressure units: pascal, mm mt.

Pascal's law, the pressure of the liquid on the bottom and the walls of the vessel.

Communicating vessels.

Atmospheric pressure, Torricelli's experience, atmospheric pressure changes with altitude.

Archimedes law for bodies in liquid or gas.

Swimming bodies.

Mechanical fluctuations and waves. The concept of variable movement, period and frequency of fluctuations.

Harmonic fluctuations, displacement, amplitudes, and phase under harmonic fluctuations.

Free swings, cargo swings on the spring.

Mathematical pendulum, period of their hesitation.

Convergence of energy in harmonic fluctuations.

It's a chilling oscillation.

Resonance.

The concept of wave processes, cross- and longitudinal waves, the length of the wave, the velocity of the wave, the front of the wave.

Wave Interference, Huygens Principle, Wave Diffusion.

Sound waves, speed of sound, volume and height of sound.

II. Molecular physics and thermodynamics Foundations of molecular-kinetic theory

The basic provisions of molecular-kinetic theory and their experimental justification, the Brownian movement, the mass and size of molecules, the mole of the substance, the constant Avogado, the nature of the movement of molecules in gases, liquids and tv.

Celsius temperature scale.

Perfect gas, basic equation of molecular-kinetic theory of ideal gas, medium kinetic energy of molecules and temperature, constant Boltzmann, absolute temperature scale.

Equation of Klapeyron-Mendeleev (Equation of the state of the ideal gas). Universal gas constant, isothermic, isochorous and isobaric processes.

Thermodynamics components:

Thermodynamic system: the system's internal energy, the amount of heat and work as a measure to change internal energy, the heat of the body, the first law of thermodynamics, the application of the first law of thermodynamics to the isodynamic processes, the flow of the gas using pV is diagrams, the heat of the single-atom ideal gas in isochorne and isobarous processes.

Unreversibility of processes in nature, second law of thermodynamics, physical basis of thermal motors, thermal engine efficiency and maximum value of the engine

Changes in the aggregate state of the substance (c.o.c.) Smooth formation. Evaporative, boiling, specific heat of steam formation. Saturated vapour. Pressure and vapour density relative to temperature. Boiling temperature dependent on pressure. Critical temperature. Humidity. Relative humidity.

Crystal and amphoric state of the substance, specific melting heat.

Equation of the thermal balance.

III. Electrodynamics

Electrostatics (electrical statistics)

Electrical charges, elemental electrical charge, conductors and dielectrics, laws to preserve electrical charge, interaction of electrically charged bodies, electroscope, precision charge, law of Kulon.

Electrical field, electrical field charge capacity, electrical field, electrical field.

Electrical field voltage lines (power lines)

Uniform electric field. Electrical field of the charge point. Superfield superposition principle. Field of the solitude of the charge charging area.

Operation of electrostatic field forces: potential and potential differences: capability of the point charge field; relationship of the potentials to the electrical static field's capacity; equivalent surfaces; conductors and dielectrics in the electric field; dielectric permeability of the substance; electrical capacity; capacitors; flat capacitor field. Electrical capacity of flat capacitor. Condensing and parallel connection of capacitors. Power of electrostatic field of charged capacitor. Power of electric field

Permanent current

Electrical current force, current conditions in the circuit, electrical force of the RDF, voltage

Oma Act for the chain section, Omic resistance of the conductor, specific resistance, dependency of the unit

Superconductivity, consistent and parallel connection of conductors.

The Oma Law for the Full Chain, the Sources of the current, their connection, the measurement of the current and the different potentials of the chain.

The work and power of the current, the law of Joel Lenz, the electric current in the metals.

Electrical current in electrolytes, the law of electrolysis (the law of Faraday).

Electrical current in the vacuum, thermal emissions, electronic lamp diode, electronic ray tube, semi-conductors, internal and imperceptible conductivity of semiconductors to temperature, p-n -- transition and properties.

Electric current in the gases, self-contained and non-self-contained, the concept of plasma.

Magnetism

Magnetic field, magnetic field action on current frame, magnetic field induction (magnetic induction), magnetic induction lines, direct current magnetic field and solenoid images.

A force acting on a conductor with current in the magnetic field.

Amper's law.

The magnetic field is acting on a moving charge, Lorenz's power.

 Electromagnetic induction

 Magnetic flux, Faraday's experiments, the formation of electromagnetic induction, the vortex electric field, the law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's rule, self-induction, inductiveness, EDS self-induction.

 The power of the magnetic field of the inductive current coil.

Electromagnetic variations and waves: Switch electric current, amplitude and current currents:

(effective) The periodic variable voltage and current value

Power generation using induction generators, transformer, electric power transmission.

Curves, free electromagnetic fluctuations in the contour, energy conversions in the variable circuit, Thompson formula for the period of fluctuations, obsolescence of electromagnetic fluctuations.

Compulsive fluctuations in electrical circuits, active, comb and inductive resistance in the harmonic current chain, resonance in electrical circuits.

The Herz experience.

Electromagnetic waves, their properties, the scale of electromagnetic waves, the radiation, and the electromagnetic waves, the invention of radio Popov. 

IV. Optics

Geometric optics

The development of views on the nature of light, the law of direct light diffusion, the concept of beam.

The laws of reflection of light, a flat mirror.

Laws of light refractation, absolute and relative refractation rates, ray travel in the prism, full (inner) reflection

Thin lenses, the focus distance and the optical force of the lens, the construction of images in the collecting and dispersing lenses, the lens formula, the expansion given by the lenses.

Optimal instruments: lupa, camera, projection machine, microscope.

Elements of physical optics:

The wave properties of light, the polarization of light.

The electromagnetic nature of light.

The speed of light in a homogeneous environment, the dispersion of light, the interference of light, the coherent sources, the conditions for the formation of maximums and minimums in the interference painting

The Ung experience, the Guygens-Frenelle principle.

Diffractional wrench.

Phoenix properties of light, constant plank, photo effects, laws of photo effects, photon, Einstein equation for photo effects.

Einstein's postulates, the connection between mass and energy.

V. Atoms and the atomic core

Resterford's Experience in Dispersion a Particles, planetary model of the atom, quantum postulates of the Bor, emission and absorption of energy by the atom, continuous and linear spectra, projectional analysis.

The composition of the nucleus of the atoms, isotopes, the power of communication of atomic nuclei, the concept of nuclear reactions, the radioactive activity, the types of radioactive radiation and their properties, the chain nuclear reactions, the thermonuclear reaction.

Biological effects of radioactive radiation protection.

Model ticket in physics

1. Gravity forces: the law of gravity of the whole world

2. Basic equation of molecular-kinetic theory of ideal gas: temperature and measurement.

3. Radioactivity, isotopes, Alpha, beta and gamma rays

4. At what distance from the collecting lens with a focal distance of 10 cm does the object have to be placed in order to obtain a 10-fold real image?

1. Plants

1.1. General knowledge of flower plants: The flower plant and its organs: root and escape. The construction of escape: stem, leaves, kidneys. The flower is a modified escape. The fruit and seeds are suitable for its distribution in nature. Life forms of plants: trees, shrubs, herbal plants. One-year-olds, two-year-olds, years-old plants.

1.2 Plant cell structure The cell and its structure: shell, cytoplasm, core, plastic, vacuoli, organic and inorganic substances of plant cells. Cell activity: cytoplasm movement, cell flow, growth and division.

1.3 The root. The root species, the types of root systems, the external and internal structure of the root, the root areas, the growth of the root, the main functions of the root: the absorption of water and mineral substances, the reinforcement of the plant in the soil, the respiration of the root, the soil, its significance for the life of the plants, the protection of the soil, the fertilizer. The importance of soil treatment, the application of fertilizers, the modification of roots, their use by humans.

1.4. Escape. The structure of the escape and its basic functions. The kidney is the initial escape, its structure, the development of the escape from the kidney. The leaf, the external structure of the leaf. The leaves are simple and complex. The interpretation. The disposition. The characteristics of the microscopic structure of the leaf due to its functions: Hidden tissue (skin, stomach), the main, mechanical tissue of the leaf, photosynthesis, respiration, foliage, leaf modification, foliage, the need to protect air from pollution, the greening of built-up areas and premises, the stem, the growth of the stem in length, the branching, the formation of the crown. Internal structure of the wood stem in relation to its functions: growth of the stem into thickness; formation of annual rings; movement of mineral and organic substances through the stem; deposition of spare substances; modified runaways: root, tuber, bulb, structure, biological and economic value.

1.5 Reproduction of plants P . 5 - 5 - 6 5 - -Reproduction and its significance: Reproduction techniques, vegetative reproduction, plant reproduction with vegetative organs in nature and crop production (modified runners, cherries, ripples, bush divides, inoculation), biological and economic significance of vegetative reproduction. Plant reproduction with seeds.

The flower is a modified escape. The value of the flower in the reproduction of plants. The construction of the flower, the stubble, the pestics. The colours and their biological value.

Insect pollination, wind, self-cultivation, fertilisation, the formation of seeds and fruits, the importance of fruits and seeds in the nature and life of man, the harm caused by nature's mass harvesting of wild plants, the protection of flower plants, the construction of seeds, the chemical composition of the plants. Conditions for seed growth, respiration of seeds, food and growth of crops, agrotechnics for seed planting and plant cultivation.

1.6 Plants and the environment. Plant is a whole organism, the interaction of cells, tissues and organs, the main processes of life of the plant, the growing community, the ecological factors of the non-living and wildlife, and the factors associated with human activity. The relationship between plants and non-living and wildlife factors in forest plants, meadows, etc. The ability of plants to live together in forests, in meadows, etc. The role of plants in nature and human life, the impact of human activities on the life of forest plants, meadows, the protection of plants, the protection of their habitat, the protection of nature laws.

1.7 Plant divisions Algae, single-cell algae and multicellular algae construction and activity, algae reproduction, low algae, sea algae role in nature and the people's economy, their protection, Mhi, construction and reproduction (example of local species), peat formation, its importance, ferns. Building and reproduction, the role of man in nature and life, the tails, the ploughs, the formation of hard coal, the vocals, the construction and reproduction, the spread of conifers, the importance of them in nature, and the people's farming. The features of the structure and life of the coated plants as the most highly organized group of plants, and their dominance on Earth.

1.8 Coated plants. Variety of flower plants, class of double-dole plants, families of crusaders (caucasian), pinks, beans, pastes, complex colours (astros), malts, mares, grapes, class of single-colour plants, families of lilies, grains. The distinctive characteristics of the plants in these families, their biological characteristics, their economic significance, the effects of human activity on the species diversity of flower plants, the protection of rare species of flower plants.

1.9 Agricultural plants Origin of cultural plants: The concept of a variety: scientific achievements in the production of new varieties of plants: essential agricultural plants (grain, fruit and berries, vegetable, oily, technical, etc.) and the biological basis for their cultivation.

1.10 Development of plant worlds Plant diversity and its origins: Evidence of historical development of plants: fossil residues; main stages in plant development: single cell and multicell algae formation; photosynthesis; drying (psylophiles, moss, ferns, voiceless, coated). The complexity of plants in the process of historical development: the rule of the now coated, their diversity and their spread on the globe, the impact of human economic activity on the plant world, the protection of plants.

2. Bacteria. Mushrooms.

2.1 Bacteria Bacterium construction and activity: bacterium reproduction: the spread of bacteria in air, soil, water, living organisms, the role of bacteria in nature, industry, medicine, agriculture, pathogenic bacteria and their control.

2.2. Mushrooms: O's loafersHat mushrooms, their structure, food, edible and poisonous mushrooms, prevention of poisoning by poisonous mushrooms, rules for the collection of mushrooms and their protection, symbiosis of mushrooms with plants, mushroom mushrooms, penicill, their use for antibiotics, yeasts, mushrooms causing plant diseases. The role of mushrooms in nature and agriculture.

Lichen building, symbiosis, nutrition, reproduction, the role of lichens in nature and the farm.

3. Living

3.1 General information on the animal world Variety, animals, animal signs, the main differences between animals and plants, the characteristics of their likeness, the environments of life and the diversity of animals, the patterns of animals.

3.2 Single-celled animals Building and lifestyle of single-cell animals, common amoeba, building of a cell, habitat, moving environment, feeding, breathing, excretion, breeding, formation of cysts, variety of single-cell animals, green eugelanes, food features, infuzoria, shoe, irritable. Painting parasite, marine simple (foraminifers, radar), meaning the simplest in nature, human life, general characterization of the simplest.

3.3. Type of Bedlands The general characterization and lifestyle of the intestine, freshwater, habitat, external structure, two-layer ray symmetry, features of the multicellular cell structure, camouflage, cages, neural system, nutrition, regeneration, reproduction. A variety of intestinal stripes (coral polyps and jellyfish), their meaning.

3.4 Types of Flat, Round, Ringworms. Type Flat worms: general characterization and diversity of the type: bee-sucker, bilateral symmetry, features of structures and life processes due to parasitic lifestyle, damage to livestock, control measures, variety of species (big chain, echinococcus, white planion) type Round worms. The general characterization and diversity of the type, the human ascarid, the parasite of the human being, the prevention of infection, the type of ringworms, the general characterization and diversity of the type, the rainworm, its habitat, its external structure, its movement, the tissues, organs, the system of organs, the processes of life, the regeneration, the reproduction. The role of rainworms in soil formation.

3.5. Type of Molluski The general characterization and way of life of the clams, the toothless, the habitat, the characteristics of the outer structure, the diet, the breathing, the reproduction, the variety of the clams (the large pond, the grape snail, the slug, the oyster, the media), the meaning of the clams in nature, the life of man.

3.6. Type of Cherishtogic Cancer class, crustacean habitat, characteristics of structure, life, breeding, variety of crustaceans, general characteristics of class, Spider class, characteristics of external structure, food, breathing, spider behaviour in relation to life on land, mites, external structure. Paints and control measures for cultural plants: Parasitic mites are agents and vectors of dangerous diseases; measures are protected against mites; general characteristics of the class; insects class; features of the structure and processes of insect activity, such as bugs; reproduction; types of insect development; major insect groups; Czech winges. The devils of the environment in the outer building; the breeding and development of butterflies; the tuto silkwork; the two-wing; the room fly is a vector of the agents of dangerous human diseases and control measures; the replicable wings; the honeybee; the composition and life of the bee family: dancing bees, wintering. Instincts are the basis of the behaviour of insects: beekeeping: the general characteristic of the class: the variety of insects (colord beetles, ants, riders), their role in nature; the practical and aesthetic significance; the biological way of controlling pests from crops and its role in the conservation of crops; the protection of insects. General characteristic of the type. 

3.7. Type of Hordoves Lancetite, habitat, features of the lunar building as a low chord building, okay?

Fish class Fish habitat, features of external structure, skeleton and muscle, body cavity, features of internal organ systems in relation to their functions, exchange of substances, nervous system and sensory organs, reflexes, behaviour, reproduction, non-rest and development, care for offspring. Resiliency of fish to habitats: migrations; variety of fish (seats: herrings, cystemers); general characteristic of the class; commercial importance of fish; artificial farming; pedagogy; protection of fish; protection of the fish.

Earthwater class Frog, building features, habitat-related movements, nervous system and sensory organs, reproduction and development, a variety of amphibians (splits: tailless), their origin, meaning and protection, a general characteristic of the class.

Class Respirating I'm the one who's the one.Environment, building features, reproduction, behaviour related to life on land. Regeneration. Diversity of modern reptiles (slots: scales, turtles, crocodiles), practical meaning and protection. Origin of reptiles. Ancient reptiles: dinosaurs, animal lizards. General characteristic of the class.

Bird Class External structure, skeleton, muscle, characteristics of internal structure, exchange of bird substances associated with flight, complexity of the nervous system, sensory organs, behaviour of birds, breeding and development of birds, care for offspring, adaptation of birds to seasonal events in nature (degradation, nomads, flying) and origin of birds. General characteristics of the class: Birds of parks, orchards, meadows, fields, forests, marshes, coasts, water bodies, steppes, deserts, predatory birds, the role of birds in nature and human life, the system of bird protection, poultry farming, the origin of domestic birds and their species.

Mammalian class Features of external structure, skeleton, muscle, interior structure, ammal metabolism, complexity of nervous system, sensory organs, behavior, reproduction and development, care for offspring, general characterization of the class, origin of mammals, perverts, summats, placer units. Insect and man-wings, rodents, bunnies, prettiers, lastonogies and cetaceans, hooves, primates, the role of mammals in nature and human life, their protection, agricultural animals of mammal classes, large cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, the origin of domestic animals, maintenance, feeding and breeding.

4. Evolution of the animal world

Evidence of the historical development of the animal world: comparative anatomical, embryoological, paleontological. C. Darwin on the causes of the evolution of the animal world (inheritivity, variability, natural selection). Origin of a single cell. Origin of a multicellular. The complexity of the structure and processes of life of vertebrate animals in the historical development of the animal world.

5.     Natural communities

The environment of organisms: the main environmental factors of the environment and their impact on plants and animals: natural communities (e.g. forests, meadows, water bodies); the role of plants, animals, mushrooms and bacteria in the natural community; interactions in the natural community; nutrition chains; the importance of natural communities in human life. The impact of human activities on natural communities, their protection.

6. Man's health and well-being

Introduction: General overview of the human body: The importance of knowledge of the human body's structure, functioning and hygiene for the protection of its health, the human person and the environment, organs and systems of organs, the building of the cell (cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondrium, membranes), the main processes of the cell's life (food, breathing, division). A brief description of the structure and functions of the main tissues, the reflexes, the nervous and humming regulation of the body's activities, the organ being a whole.

6.1. Engine- back-up system The importance of the propulsion system: the human skeleton, the similarities between human skeletals and animals, the characteristics of the human skeleton associated with work and directness, the types of bone joints, the composition, structure and properties of the bones, the growth of the bones, the first aid in contusions, ligaments, dissections, fractures, the muscle, their functions. Main groups of muscles of the human body, muscle work, static and dynamic loads, rhythm effects and muscle loads.

 6.2 Blood and circulation The body's internal environment (blood, intercellular fluid, lymph) and its relative persistence, the meaning of blood and blood circulation, blood composition, blood plasma, blood release as a protective reaction, the construction and function of erythrocytes and leukocytes, infectious diseases and control of them, warning vaccinations, immuneity, role of I.I. Swords in the creation of the doctrine of immunity, blood transfusion, donorship, blood organs: heart and vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins), heart, structure and work, large and small circulation circles, lymph circulation, blood flow through vessels, blood pressure. Nervous and humorous regulation of heart and vascular activity, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, first aid in bleeding, harmful effects of smoking and alcohol on the heart and vessels.

6.3. Breathing The importance of breathing: the structure and functions of the breathing organs, the voice apparatus, the exchange of gas in the lungs and tissues, the breathing movement, the life capacity of the lungs, the nerve and the humour control of the breathing, the artificial breathing, infectious diseases transmitted through the air, the prevention of air-campus infections, the hygiene regime during the disease. Respiratory hygiene, harmful effects of smoking on respiratory organs, protection of the air environment.

6.4 Nutrition The importance of digestion: nutritional agents and food products: construction and functions of digestive organs; teeth; prevention of dental diseases; digestive enzymes and their importance; the role of I.P. Pavlov in studying the function of digestive organs; digestion; liver and pancreas iron; their role in digestion; suction. Regulating digestive processes, Hygienic conditions for digestion, prevention of worm and gastrointestinal diseases, food poisoning, first pre-medical care, effects of smoking and alcohol on digestion.

6.5. Exchange of substances and energy: Selection General characteristic of the exchange of substances and energy: Plastic exchange, energy exchange and their relationship, meaning for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, water and mineral salts, the influence of alcohol and toxic substances, drugs on the exchange of Vitamina substances, their role in the exchange of substances, the main hypovitaminosis, the Hypervitaminosis. Methods of maintaining vitamins in food products: nutritional standards; nutritional status of schoolchildren; importance of the release from the body of the final products of exchange of substances; organs of the urea system, their functions, prevention of diseases; construction and function of the skin; role of the skin in heat management; and burning of the body. Skin hygiene requirements for clothing and shoes, prevention and first aid for heat and solar shocks, burns and frostbite, electric shock.

6.6. Irons of internal secretion The importance of internal glands for growth, development and regulation of body functions, hormones, internal gland activity, the role of sexual glands in the development of the body, sexual maturation, and the hygiene of young people.

6.7. Nervous system: Sensitation organs Higher nervous activity The importance of the nervous system in regulating and harmonizing the functions of the human body and the relationship of the body to the environment: the central and peripheral nervous system; the construction and functions of the spinal cord and the brain sections; the role of the vegetative nervous system in regulating the work of the internal organs; the cortex of the large hemisphere; the organs of the senses; their significance. Analysis: Construction, functions, hygiene, the role of I.M. Sečanov and I.P. Pavlov in the creation of the doctrine of higher nervous activity, unconditional and conditional reflexes, the biological significance of the formation and braking of conditional reflexes, the characteristics of the highest nervous activity of man, the speech and the thinking, the consciousness as a function of the brain. The social condition of human behaviour: sleep, its importance and hygiene, changing working ability, hygiene of mental work, the day-time regime of schoolchildren, the harmful influence of polyethylene, alcohol and drugs on the nervous system.

6.8 Reproduction and development The system of reproductive organs, insemination and foetal development, the birth of a child, the growth and development of a child, the hygiene of infants, the harmful effects of alcohol, nitrin and other factors on offspring, the characteristics of adolescence.

7. General biology

The study of general, biological patterns is the task of the final part of the biology course: levels of wildlife organization: cell, organism, species, bio-censorship, biosphere, the importance of biological science for agriculture, industry, medicine, hygiene, nature conservation.

7.1 Evolutionary teaching. Main features of the evolutionary theory of C. Darwin: The significance of evolution theory for the development of natural knowledge, criteria of species, population is a unit of species and evolution, the concept of plant species and animal species, the driving forces of evolution: The genetics, the variability, the struggle for existence, the natural selection, the leading role of natural selection in evolution, the artificial selection and the genetic variability are the basis for the production of species of domestic animals and varieties of cultural plants, the emergence of devices, the relative nature of adaptation, the micro-evolution. Visibility: The results of evolution: the adaptation of organisms, the diversity of species.

7.2 Organic world development Evidence of the evolution of the organic world: the main directions of evolution: aromorphosis, idioadaptation, the relationship of different directions of evolution, biological progress and regression, the brief history of the development of the organic world, the basic aromorphos in the evolution of the organic world. Main trends in the evolution of coated, insects, birds and mammals into the Kainosa era.

7.3 Origin of a human being. Darwin of human origin from animals, the driving forces of anthropogenesis: social and biological factors, leading the role of the laws of public life in the social progress of mankind, ancient and fossil people of modern age, human races, their origins and unity. The anti-science, reactionary essence of social Darwinism and racism.

7.4 Basics of the environment Environmental factors: abiotic, biotic, man-made, their integrated effects on the body, Photoperiodism, the environment, the ecological niche, the species, its ecological characterization, population change, ways of regulating the population; Management of species, conservation of their diversity, biogeoassessment, diversity of populations in biogeoceneosis and their relationships, food chains.

7.5 Basic Biosphere Exercises Biosphere, V.I. Vernadsky, on the emergence of the biosphere, on the limits of the biosphere, on the biomass of the surface of land, the oceans and the sea, on the soil, on the living substance and its functions, on the cycle of substances and on the transformation of energy into the biosphere, on the noosphere.

7.6. Basic cytology The cell is a structural and functional unit of the living, the basic features of the cell theory, the structure and functions of the components of the cell: kernels, sheaths, cytoplasms, the organoids of the cell: endoplasmic network, the Golji machine, the lizos, the ribosomes, the mitochondria, the plastic, the features of the building of prokariotes, the eukaryot cells. Organic matter: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, ATF, biopolymers, their role in the cell. Ferments, their role in regulating life processes. The exchange of substances and the transformation of energy is the basis of the life of the cell. Energy exchange in the cell and its essence. The importance of the ATF in the energy exchange. Plastic exchange. Hemosynthesis. Photosynthesis. Biosynthesis of proteins. The role of DNA in matrix synthesis responses. Genetic code. Transcryptation. Transmission. Relationship of plastic and energy exchange processes: Viruses, features of their structure and life, AIDS virus, AIDS prevention.

7.7 Reproduction and individual development of organisms Cell separation is the basis for the reproduction and individual development of organisms, the concept of the life cycle of the cell, the Mithoz phase of the mitosis, the chromosomes, their hapoid and diploid complex, the persistence of numbers and shapes, the biological meaning of the mitose, the meios phase, the Crossingover, the biological meaning of the meiosus. Sexual and non-sexual reproduction of organisms: sexual cells: hametogenesis: spermagenicosis and oogenesis; fertilization: the development of the embryo (in the case of animals); post-embryonic development; the harmful effects of alcohol and sodium on human development; the emergence of life on Earth.

7.8. Basic geneticsEnetics is the science of genetics and the variability of organisms, the basic genetic methods, the laws of genetics established by H. Mendel in monohybrid and dihybrid confluences, the interactions of allel genes: total domination, incomplete dominance, coding, superdomination. Conditions necessary for the application of the law of fragmentation: statistical nature of the phenomena of fragmentation; interactions of non-allel genes; genetics of the sex; sexual chromosomes; attached inheritance; chromosomal theory of inheritance; attached succession of genes; fracture of adhesion; intersection of chromosomes; intersection of chromosomes. The importance of genetics for medicine and health care: the harmful effects of polyethylene, alcohol and drugs on human genetics; the role of genotype and ambient conditions in the formation of the phenotype; the modification of variability; the norm of reaction; the statistical patterns of modificational variability; mutations; the classification of mutations. Polypliodia, mutagenic factors of the environment, experimental mutations as a material for artificial and natural selection, the law of homologic series in the inherited variability of N.I.Vavilova, population genetics and evolution theory, biotechnology and gene manipulation. Genetic safety. N.I. Vavilov on the origin of cultural plants. Main methods of selection: hybridization and artificial selection. Role of natural selection in selection. Plant selection. Self-spraying of cross-polluted plants. Geterosis. Polyplodide and remote hybridization. Plant selection. Animal selection. Types of cross-breeding and methods of breeding: method of analysing the genetic economic values of animal producers; remote hybridization of domestic animals; biotechnology and its main areas: microbiological synthesis, genetic engineering and cellular engineering; the importance of biotechnology for selection.

A model for a bat in biology, huh?

1. The root, the structure, the functions, the types of roots, the types of root systems, the visual alteration of roots.

2. Type of Bedlands, freshwater, features of building and life processes, role in nature.

3. Humorous regulation of the body's activities: Irons of internal secretion, hypo and hyperfunction of the glands

4. Laws of succession to dihybrid cross-sections

Recommended literature on biology

1.     Silver T., Gulenkokova M., Schorina N. Biology: Plants / Textbook for the 6th to 7th grades of secondary school. - M., (various years of publication). 

2. Nikishov A. Biology. Animals / Textbook for grades 7-8 of secondary school. - M. (various years of publication).

3. Batouyev A.S. Biology: Man / Textbook for the 9th grade of secondary school. - M. (various years of publication).

4. Batouev A.S. Biology: General Biology / Student for grades 10 to 11 of secondary school. - M. (various years of publication).

5. Chebshev N.V. Biology / Induction manual, M., 2007

6. Yaragin V. N. Biology: 2 Kn. / Induction Allowance. M., 2004

 

I. Theoretical foundations of chemistry

The applicant must know the basics of chemical science (facts, concepts, laws, theories), give examples, establish causal relationships, speak a chemical language, name substances according to the established nomenclature, know formulas of substances.

The object and purpose of chemistry, the place of chemistry in the natural sciences.

Nuclear-molecular teaching: Moleculi, Atoms, Continuity, Relative Atomic and Relative Molecular Mass, Law of Mass Conservation, its significance in chemistry, Mol is a unit of the quantity of the substance, Molar mass, Avogado number.

Chemical element, simple substance, complex substance, signs of chemical elements and chemical formulas, calculation of the mass fraction of the chemical element in the substance by its formula

Construction of chemical element kernels and electronic atom shells using elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the periodic system.

Periodic law of the chemical elements of D.I. Mendeleev, distribution of electrons in the atoms of the elements of the first four periods, small and large periods, groups and subgroups, characterization of selected chemical elements of the main subgroups based on the situation in the periodic system and the structure of the atom. The significance of a periodic law for understanding the scientific picture of the world, the development of science and technology.

Types of chemical relationships: covalent (polar and non-polar), ion, hydrogen, metal, examples of connections with different types of connections, valence and degree of oxidation, types of chemical reactions: reactions of compound, degradation, substitution, exchange, acidifying and regenerative reactions. Warm effect of chemical reactions, speed dependent on the nature of the reaction substances, concentration, temperature, catalysis, chemical responses, chemical balance and displacement conditions, solution, soluble substances, soluble substances dependent on their nature, temperature, pressure. Warming effect of the solution, concentration of solutions, importance of solutions in industry, agriculture, home, electrolytic dissociation, degree of dissociation, strong and weak electrolytes, ion exchange reactions, electrolytic dissociation of acids, alkalis and salts.

II.Inorganic chemistry

In accordance with the periodic law, applicants must be able to provide a comparative description of the elements by group and by period of time

The characteristics of the element include the electronic configuration of the atom; the possible valence and oxidation of the element in the compounds; the shapes of simple substances and the main types of compounds, their physical and chemical properties, laboratory and industrial ways of obtaining them; The frequency of the element and its compounds in nature, the practical meaning and the application of its compounds: The chemical properties must reflect responses involving inorganic and organic compounds (acid-core and oxidation-remediation) and qualitative reactions. The chemical properties are illustrated by the reaction equations in molecular and abbreviated ion form or by the electronic equations with the oxidant and the regenerator, by the conditions for the reaction. Oxids are acidic, basic, amphoteric, by the manner in which the oxides are obtained and by the properties of the oxides. Flips, receipt, properties and applications, amphotericity, acids, properties, methods of receipt, neutralization response, salts, composition and properties, salt hydrolysis.

Hydrogen, chemical, physical, interaction with oxygen, metal oxides, organic matter, hydrogen as clean fuel and raw materials for the chemical industry.

Oxygen, chemical, physical properties, allotropia.

Oxygen use. Oxygen cycle in nature.

Water, physical and chemical properties, crystallogistics, importance of water in industry, agriculture, livelihoods, nature, protection of water bodies from pollution.

Halogens, general characterization of halogens, connections of halogens in nature, their use.

Chlorine, physical, chemical, inorganic and organic reactions, chlorine production in industry, chlorine compounds, chlorine use and compounds.

Carbon sub-group: General characterization of group IV elements of the main sub-group: Physical and chemical properties: Carbon, allotropic forms; Carbon compounds: oxides (II, IV), carbon acid and its salts.

Silicon compounds in nature, their use in technology.

Oxygen sub-group: General characteristics of the elements of Group VI main sub-group: sulphur, its physical and chemical properties, sulphur compounds: hydrogen sulfide, sulphur oxides, sulphuric acid, its properties, chemical bases of production.

General characteristics of the elements of the main subgroup V of group: Nitrogen, physical and chemical properties: Nitrogen compounds: ammonia salts, nitrogen oxides, nitric acid, nitric acid salts (physical and chemical properties), ammonia production, ammonia, nitric acid and its salts. Phosphorus, its allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties, phosphorous oxide (V), phosphoric acid and its salts, phosphorous fertilizers.

Metal, status of the periodic system, features of the structure of their atoms, metal bond, specific physical and chemical properties, corrosion of metals.

Flat metals, general characteristic based on the situation in the periodic system of D.I. Mendeleev, sodium compounds, potassium in nature, their use, potassium fertilizers.

General description of the elements of the main subgroups II and III of the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev, Calcius, its compounds in nature, the severity of the water and the means of its elimination.

Aluminium, characteristic of aluminium and its compounds, amphotericity of aluminium oxide, use of aluminium and its alloys, iron, oxides, hydroxide, iron salts (II) and (III). Iron alloys, iron and steel, use of alloys and iron compounds.

Metallurgy, metals in modern technology, main forms of industrial metal production, pet iron production, methods of steel production, the problem of low-waste metals and environmental protection.

IIIOrganic chemistry

The characteristics of each class of organic compounds include the characteristics of the electronic and spatial structure of the class, the patterns of alteration of physical and chemical properties in the homologic series, the nomenclature, the types of isomers, the main types of chemical reactions and their mechanisms.

The characteristics of specific compounds include physical and chemical properties, laboratory and industrial methods of receipt, applications, and chemical properties of compounds need to take into account reactions involving both radical and functional groups. The applicant should possess the basic concepts of organic chemistry, be able to illustrate the response equations using structural formulas and the mandatory specification of the conditions under which they flow, and call organic substances by international nomenclature.

Main features of the chemical structure theory A.M. Butlerov: Dependence of the properties of the substance on the chemical structure. Isomery. Electronic nature of chemical connections in organic compounds molecules, methods of breaking ties, concept of free radicals.

Homologic series of limit hydrocarbons (alkans), their electronic and spatial structure, sp3-hybridization, methane, alkan nomenclature, their physical and chemical properties, cycloparafines, maximum hydrocarbons in nature.

Ethylene hydrocarbons (alkanes): a geological series of alkenes, double communications, sigma- and pi-links, sp2-hybridization, physical properties, isomery of carbon skeleton and dual bonding position, nomenclature, chemical properties, hydrocarbon response of dehydration, use of ethylene hydrocarbons. Natural rubber, its structure and properties.

Acetylene, triangulation, sp-hybridization.

Benzole, its electronic structure, its chemical properties, the industrial receipt and use of benzene, the concept of poisons, their conditions of use in agriculture based on environmental requirements.

The relationship between limit and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Natural hydrocarbon sources: oil, natural and associated petroleum gases, coal, oil fracturing, Cracking, aromatization of petroleum products, protection of the environment in processing.

Alcohols, their structure, their chemical properties, isomery, the nomenclature of alcohols, the chemical properties of alcohols, the use of methyl and ethyl alcohols, the poisonousity of alcohols, their destructive effects on humans, the genetic relationship between hydrocarbons and alcohols.

Phenol, structure, physical properties, chemical properties of phenol, application of phenol, protection of the environment from industrial waste containing phenols.

Aldehydes, their structure, their chemical properties, the receipt and use of ants and vinegar aldehydes, carbonic acids, the homologic series of single-base carbonic acid limits, their formation, the carboxylic group, the mutual influence of the carboxyl group and the hydrocarbon radical, the physical and chemical properties of carbonic acids.

Oxygen acid, palmic acid, stearin, oleic acid, carbonic acid and use.

Complex esters: building, obtaining reactions of eterification, chemical properties, geese in nature, their construction and properties, synthetic cleaning agents, their significance, protection of the environment from pollution by synthetic detergents.

Glucose, its structure, its chemical properties, its role in nature.

The use of cellulose and cellulose, their structure, their chemical properties, their role in nature, the use of cellulose and its derivatives, the concept of artificial fibers.

Amines as organic bases, structure, amino group, interaction of amines with water and acids, Anilin, an aniline from nitrobenzene, the practical meaning of aniline, amino acids, structure, chemical properties, amino acid isomery, amino acids, their significance in nature and their application, synthetics of peptides, their structure. The concept of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, using the example of pyridine and pyrene.

Squirrels, structure and properties of proteins, progress in protein research and synthesis, importance of microbiological industry, nucleic acids, nucleotides, principle of complementarity in building a double DNA helix, role of nucleic acids in cell life.

General concepts of chemistry of high-alecular compounds: monomer, polymer, structural link, polymerization, mean molecular mass, polymerization, polycondensation. Linear, branched polymer structure. The properties of polymers depend on their structure.

IV. Types of chemical design tasks

Calculation of the relative molecular mass of the substance by its formula.

Calculation of the mass fraction (per cent content) of the elements in the complex substance by its formula

Calculation of the mass fraction of the solution of the substance in the solution if the mass of the solution of the substance and the mass of the solution are known.

Calculation of solvent mass and solution mass for a known mass fraction of solution and solution mass.

Calculation of the assigned amount of the substance.

Calculation of the quantity (in moths) of the substance by mass of the substance

Calculation of the relative density of the gaseous substances.

Calculation of the quantity of the assigned quantity of the gaseous substance under the specified conditions. >

Calculation of the mass of the gaseous substance occupying a certain volume at any given speed and pressure.

Calculation of the volume of a given mass of a gaseous substance under any given conditions.

Find the simplest chemical formula of the substance by mass fractions of the elements

Calculation of the mass of the reaction product for the known masses of the original substances

Calculation of the mass of the reaction product for the known mass of one of the reactable substances

Calculation of the output of the reaction product as a percentage of the theoretical possibility of the reaction

Calculation of product mass(s) by known mass(s) of the original substance containing a defined fraction of the contaminants

Calculation of the mass fraction of the components of the mixture on the basis of the given task

Establishment of a molecular formula for the gaseous substance for combustion products

Formulation of chemical transitions (equations of reactions) of some substances to others, using the genetic link between classes and compounds (quality tasks)

Examination tickets may contain both generic and more complex combined tasks consisting of several types of design tasks listed, and combined tasks may also be derived from different chemical sections.

Model chemical ticket

1. Electrolytic dissociation: the degree of dissociation, strong and weak electrolytes, ion exchange reactions, electrical dissociation of acids, alkalis and salts.

2. Oxygen, chemical, physical properties, allotropia, oxygen use, oxygen cycle in nature

3. Ethylene hydrocarbons (alkanes): a geological series of alkenes, dual communications, sigma- and pi-links, sr2-hybridization, physical properties, carbon skeleton isomery and double-linking positions, nomenclature, chemical properties, hydrocarbon response from dehydration, use of ethylene hydrocarbons.

4. Transform: Aluminium carbide - methane - chloromethane - ethane - ethylene.

5. Objective: Identify the mass of solution with a mass fraction of sodium hydroxide of 4% is spent on the neutralization of 18gacetic acid.

Recommended literature on chemistry

1. Feldman F.G., Rudzitis G.E. Himia/Chemicals Manual for 8-11-year high school. - M. (various years of publication).

2. Homchenko I.G. Compendium of Chemical Tasks and Exercises for Secondary School. - M., (various publishers, different years).

3. Homchenko G.P. Manual on chemistry for admission to higher education. - M., (various publishers, different years).

4. Chemicals: Allowance - tutor for admission to higher education institutions / Under the Red A. S. Egorova. - Rostov n.D. (various years of publication)

5. Kuzmenko N.E., Jeremín V.V., Popkov V.A. The beginning of chemistry: 2 tons - M. (various years of publication)

Geography programme

I. Global Geographic Survey, Plan and Map The idea of a horizon. Horizontal Parties: Methods of local orientation: plan and map: main differences between the geographical map and the spatial plan; scale: measurement of the distance on the map using scale; types and types of maps; map projections; physical-geographic and socio-economic maps; and atlases; and maps: maps and maps. The significance of the map in human life and economic activity.

Earth is like a planet. Situation of the Earth in the Sunshine The shape and size of the Earth, the daily rotation of the Earth's effects, the time, the clock belts, the date-change line, the civil network on the map and its elements, the geographic breadth and longitude (the ability to map them), the annual movement of the Earth, the change of seasons, the tropics and the polar circles, the light belts.

Lithosphere. Earth's inner structure. Lithosphere The construction of the Earth's crust: stable and mobile areas of the earth's crust: species that add up the earth's crust, their origin, their classification; extragenic processes of topography (winding, running of current waters, wind and glaciers); Endogenic processes of topography (Tectonic movements, volcanicism and earthquakes); and Earth's surface forms. The concept of topography: equals, lows, highs and flats, the main lowlands and flats of parts of the world, mountains and highlands, the highest mountains of parts of the world.

The atmosphere. The concept of the atmosphere Composition structure and construction The pressure of the atmosphere and its measurement, the winds and their origins, the breezes, monsoons, the passats, the water in the atmosphere, the atmospheric precipitation and its formation, the patterns of rainfall distribution on the surface of the world, the concept of evaporation, volatility and moisturization, the air masses and their types. Air mass circulation (atmospheric fronts, cyclones, anti-cyclones), the concepts of weather and climate, weather observation, climate determinants, an overview of climate belts, the importance of climate in human economic activity.

Hydrosphere. The concept of the hydrosphere. Oceans and their oceans The main seas, the bays, the straits, the islands and the peninsula, the river floor, the properties of the seawater, the movement of the oceans: the waves, the tides, the tsunami, the currents, the surface waters, the groundwater, the river and the e-waters, the river valley concept, the feeding of the rivers, the basin and the watersheds, the main rivers of parts of the world, the canals and reservoirs. Lakes and marshes: glaciers, glacial and mountain glaciers, water-related hazards: (floats, floods, avalanches, villages) and prevention; use of surface waters in human economic activities.

Biosphere. Construction, The composition and significance of the biosphere: soil formation, structure, properties, main types of soil and patterns of soil distribution

Geographical sheath. The concept of geographical location The concept of the natural complex, the interrelationship of the components of the natural complex, the natural zones of the world, a summary of the natural zones.

Matter(s) and parts of the world. The Physical-Geographic Survey of the mainlands (Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America, Eurasia) is a geographical location, geological structure and minerals, terrain, climate, inland waters, soils, plant and animal life, and natural resources.

II. Socio-economic geography of the world

Political map of the world. Political development phases The political map of Europe, Asia, Africa, America, the typology of the world's countries, the state system and the state structure.

Natural resources. Natural resources theirs Classification, location and use: the concept of resource availability, natural resource availability of different countries, mineral resources, water and hydropower resources, land, soil and agro-climatic resources, forest resources, ocean resources.

World population. World population and population of the world's Types of population reproduction: sex: age composition of the population; labour and employment; racial and ethnic composition of the population; the world's largest population; religious composition of the population; migration of the population; urbanization and resettlement; and housing and population density.

World economic geography. The concept of the world's The international geographical division of labour, the scientific and technological revolution and the deployment of productive forces, the geography of the world's industries (fuel, energy, black and non-ferrous metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry), the geography of agriculture, the geography of transport of the world. International economic linkages.

Regional geography. A brief economic and geographical profile of one of the developed and developing countries of the world (at the choice of the examiner) has been developed in a short time

Global challenges for humanity. Demographic Food, energy, raw materials, the environment, the world's oceans, health and longevity, the ethnic crisis, the underdevelopment of developing countries.

III. Geography of Russia

Geographical               situation . 10 - 17 6 - 18 6 - Yeah.               Russia. Physical-geographic, economic-geographic and geopolitical situation: size of territory, maritime and land borders, border states, characteristics of Russia's natural conditions and natural and resource potential, and their impact on economic activity.

Administrative and territorial structure of the Russian Federation. The subjects of the Federation Current problems in the country's administrative and territorial division

Geological       structure        Scructural surface area:        и        useful fossils. Main tectonic structures and The largest plains and mountain systems, earthquakes and volcanicism throughout the country.

Climate and climate resources. Climate-formational systems: Trends in the distribution of heat and moisture throughout the country (solar radiation, precipitation, volatilization, wetting coefficient).

Inland waters and water resources. Main river Major lakes: multi-year mercurism and its impact on economic activities: water-related hazards and prevention

Soils and land resources. Soil formation and soil formation Diversity: Soil location: control of soil destruction and pollution.

Vegetability and the animal world. Plant cover The biological resources, their use and protection, the animal world, the protection and restoration of plant and animal life, a brief description of Russia's main natural zones 

Population of Russia. Population. Population reproduction: the demographic situation: migration of the population, its causes, forms of resettlement, types of settlements, urban-rural population ratio, urban cities and urban agglomerations, labour resources and the labour market, the national composition of the population, the largest peoples and their number. Main religions, their geography, inter-ethnic and inter-ethnic problems.

Russia's property, the most important cross-sectoral complexes and industries.

The machine building complex. The role of engineering in accelerating scientific and technological progress, the industry, the specialization and co-operation of production, the factors behind the location of the complex's plant

Fuel and power complex. Sectoral composition Positioning of the main fuel and energy bases and areas of energy consumption: oil and gas industries, main areas of oil and natural gas production and processing, coal industry, main coal basins, electricity, types of power plants and their location.

Sets of industries for the production of materials of construction and chemicals Composition and significance of the complexes: factors of the location of the enterprises

Metal complex. Black and coloured Concentration and combination of steel production, basic steel bases, geography of light and heavy non-ferrous metals.

Chemical industry. Accommodation factors Main chemical bases and areas of the chemical industry

Forest industryForest resources, forest surplus areas, geography of critical forest complexes, problems in their formation

Agro-industrial complex. Composition and composition of the complex Intensive and extensive management.

Agriculture. Plant and livestock production The main areas where cereals and technical crops are located are the main sectors and areas of livestock production.

Food industry. Composition and importance of the industry. Principles of accommodation and geography of the main food industries

Light industry. Sectoral composition and core staff The principles of accommodation.

Transport complex. Composition and significance of the complex. Transport modes (rail, waterway, aviation, pipeline, road)

Non-producive sphere of production:. The concept of non-production The scope of services and its territorial organization are the main areas of concern to the Committee

Economic zoning of the Russian Federation. Integrated economic, geographical and social characteristics of the major regions of the Russian Federation: geographical characteristics, natural resource capacity, population; industrial and agricultural specialization, transport; Social, economic and environmental problems and prospects for the development of Central Russia, the Northwest, the European North, Polžia, Urala, the North Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East. 

IV. Geography of Abkhazia

Geographical location. Physico-geographic The economic, geographical and geopolitical situation of Abkhazia: size of territory, maritime and land borders and border States.

Rellef        Geological        building structure:        и        useful fossils. Tectonic and geological structure: The nature of the terrain: mineral resources and their distribution patterns.

Black Sea. General description of the Black Sea Origin, nature of the coastline, properties of the seawater, currents, characteristics of flora and fauna in the waters of Abkhazia, the importance of the Black Sea in the life and economic activities of the population

Climate. Factors Climate determinants Abkhazia: Rules of air circulation, distribution of the main elements of the climate, types of climate, effects of climate on human economic activity.

Inner water. Rivers. Nutrition and river regime. Main River systems and river basins, lakes, swamps, ice-creams, groundwater and springs, water resources, importance of rivers, lakes and groundwaters in human life and economic activity.

Soils. Soil formation and diversity. Main The types of soil and the patterns of its distribution.

The growing and the animal world. Features The problem of protecting and restoring the plant and animal world of Abkhazia: forest resources: the problem of protecting and restoring the plant and animal world.

The natural complexes of Abkhazia. Characteristics: lowland, highland and mountain areas. - What do you mean, the lowlands, the highlands, and the mountains? - Yes, sir. - Yeah, yeah.

The natural resource potential of Abkhazia. Natural The provision of natural resources to Abkhazia: land, plant, water, mineral and recreational resources, and the uneven distribution of these resources throughout the country.

The population of Abkhazia. Number and location of staff: Reproduction and demographic situation: migration of the population, urban and rural populations, national and religious composition of the population.

Hostage of Abkhazia: Geography of the most important branches of the economy: Energy, electricity, machinery, forestry, light and food industry, agriculture, transport, non-production sector: characteristics of economic sectors (structure, location, importance, problems and prospects for development).

Model geography ticket for the "Geography" destination

1. Daily rotation of the Earth and its consequences

2. Rivers of Abkhazia: Nutrition, regime of rivers, main river systems and river basins

3. World transport geography.

 

Model geography ticket for : "Turism"

1. The concept of the atmosphere, composition, structure and significance of the atmosphere

2. Typology of the world.

3. The Russian Federation machine building complex

 

Recommended literature

Adzinba Z.I., Bogojchuk N.A. Geography of Abkhazia / Textbook for 8-9-cl. general education schools. - Sukhumi, 2011.

Alexeyev A.I. Geography: Russian population and economy. 9 cl./Learner for general education institutions. M., 2008

Geography: Accompaniment for admission to higher education institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky, I.I. Barinova, V.P. Dronov et al. - 2nd Id. - M., 2004.

Russian geography: Textbook for 8–9 general education establishments: 2 KN.1: Nature and the population. 8 KL/L.A.I. Alexeev. - M., 2010.

Herasimova T.P. Slutkov N.P. Primary course in geography / Textbook for general education institutions. - M., 2010.

Corinese V.A., Schenev V.A., Dushin I. V. Geography of the mainland and the Oceans / Textbook for General Education Institutions. M., 2008

Lavrov S.B., Smooth U.N. Global Geography / Learning for the General Education Institutions. M., 2005

Maxakovsky V.P. Economic and Social Geography of the World / Textbook for 10 Class General Education Institutions. - M., 2010.

Polakov, M.O., Educational Allowance for Ezd 1st and 3rd Students - Stereotyping. Geography / Short course for admission to higher education. - M., 2007.

Rakovsky E. M. Geography: Nature of Russia / Textbook for 8 cl. - M., 1999.

In the oral examination of the Russian language, the applicant must demonstrate: spelling and punctuality, knowledge of the relevant rules, and knowledge of the theory of the Russian language within the framework of the programme below.

I. Phonics.

Sounds and letters, their relationship. Graph. Alphavit. Sound value of letters. е, ѐ, Yeah, I'mB. Use of letters ♪ And you ♪their functions.

Clear and agreeable sounds, syllables, removal, loud blows and unbridled sounds, the writing of undeterred vowels, the writing of vowels after the boiling, and Deaf and callable, firm and soft agreeers, designation of the soft and firm agreeers on the letter.

Basic rules of Russian literary pronunciation.

Elementary information about the phony transcription.

II. Lexic

The concept of language, the meaning of the word, the direct and portable meaning of the word, the many distinct words, the Omonims, the Synonyms, the Antonims.

Lexic of Russian from the point of view of origin, Russian and borrowed words.

Lexic of the Russian language in terms of usage: common words, outdated words (archaisms and historians), non-logistics.

Lexic of Russian in terms of usage: professional words, dialectic words, terms, the concept of phrasies.

III. Composition of the word: Language education

The attachment, the root, the suffix, the ending as the minimum relevant parts of the word, the concept of the word and the formative parts of the word, the basis of the word and the end, the zero end.

The spelling of the important parts of the word: the pencils, the roots with successive vowels and consents, the souffixes, the endings, the words of the different parts of the speech. The spelling of the words with the double and non-consensual.

Main methods of language education in Russian: the concept of derivatives and the production of basics, various word-education tools, the expression of the names of nouns, adjectives, numerals, verbs, words.

Complicated and complex words, their spelling.

IV. Morphology

Noun's first name:. The significance of the noun's name Its grammatical characteristics and the syntax role in the proposal: permanent and non-permanent grammatical p.p.a., p. grammatical p.a., p. grammatical p.a., p. grammatical p.a., p. grammatical p. grammatical pThe names of the nouns, their own and their vindictive names, their inanimateness, their genus (male, female, medium, common), their non-consensual names, their number, their existence, which is only in the form of a single or only a multiple number, their descent, their proclivation, their names, their first, second and third. A slope based on the adjective names, different and impervious names, nouns.

Additive name:. Value of the adjective's name his grammatical characteristics and the syntax role. The names of the adjectives by value and grammatical character characteristics:                   and of good quality, and of good, and good                   Relative Qualitative adjectives: full and concise form, degree of comparison, modes of formation of comparative and excellent degrees of comparison. Grammatical signs of short forms and degrees of comparison. Types of leaning of the names of the adjectives.

Numerical name. The value of the numeral name and its grammatical features: fall; number and genus. Syntax role of the numerator names.               Numerical             Simple            и            :: Combination: Features of leaning the numerator, spelling the names of the numerator.

The location. The meaning of pronouns. Denominations of pronouns In terms of meaning and relation to other parts of the speech, the Grammatical Signs of the pronouns of the different classes and their syntax role, the inclination of the pronouns of their spelling.

The verb. The value of the verb its grammatical characteristics and Syntax role: Permanent characteristics: transition - non-transition, type, return               It's a bond.     Pushing-over equipment:       и High-profile verbs: Non-permanent characteristics: inclination (exposure, conditional, compelling), time (exposure), face and number (exposure and grand inclination), line and number (exposure and imputed inclination). Communion and participation as special forms of verb, their syntax role, the Grammatical signs of communion, the real and painful communion of the present and past time, their education, the full and short-lived communion, the wholeness of the communion. Education Participations               verbs Perfect and imperfect, special features of the use of deities.

A narration. The meaning of the words their syntax role in the The lines of the words, the lines of the words and their formation, the slugs, the separate and the hyphenics of the words.

A pretext. A pretext as a service part of a speech. Non-producible and derivative excuses, simple and composite pretexts, their spelling.

Union. The union is a service part of the speech. Alliances of writing and submission, classification of composition and submission, simple and composite unions, their leaky and separate writing. (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter)) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter) (Laughter)

Particles. Particle as a service part of a speech. Particle discharge. Negative particles not and neither; the difference in meaning between the particles and the particulates, the difference between the letters of the particles and the letters of the particles; the difference between the letters of the particles. not and neither; particulates: not and accessories not -; particulates: None, union neither – nor the addition, nor- Intra-hometity (intra-home) as a special part of the speech. Puncture signs during Inter-domains. - Yeah, yeah.

V. Syntax

Word. The construction of words. Types of subjugation of words in the phrase: harmonization, management, attachment.

Proposal It's like the main unit of syntax. Types Proposals on the purpose of the statement (informative, motivational, questioning) and emotional colour (incriminating and non-inclamative).

Simple proposal. Types of structure proposal: Members of the sentence, to be and shall be the principal members of the two-formed sentence, characteristics of the relationship to be and to be said. Tyres between those to be and those to be spoken. Methods of the expression to be expressed. Types of words to be spoken (simple verb, composite verb, composite) and the ways in which they are spoken. Secondary members of the proposal: definitions (agreed and dissenting), annex as a form of definition, supplement (direct and indirect), circumstances (time, places, reasons, objectives, conditions, modes of operation, assignments); ways of expressing them. Single sentences: definite, vague, anonymous, nameless, ways of expressing the main member of the single proposal. Proposals circulated and non-proliferation; complete and incomplete. Complication of a simple sentence. Uniform members of a sentence, their relationship in a sentence, signs of puncture between homogeneous members. Combining words with homogeneous members. Twins and dashes in general words. Selected non-participants of the proposal: definitions (including annexes), additions, circumstances; puncture marks. Means of giving someone else's speech, direct and indirect, signs of puncture in direct speech, quote, signs of puncture in quotations.

Complex proposal:. Kind of a complicated sentence. Allied (complicated and complex) and unbridled complex proposals.

Complicated sentences with connecting, opposing, dividing alliances and signs of puncture in them

Complicated sentences are the main and subservient part, the means of communication between them (subordinate unions and allied words), types of sub-proposals, the location of the attached part relative to the main one.

Complicated         proposals          с          Several :: Complicated: uniform, parallel and consistent chain of command of the attached parts; punctuation signs in complex proposals с One and a few bits of bitchy-skinned, okay? Yeah, yeah.

Non-unionly complex proposals, meaningful relations between parts of an unbridled, complex proposal, signs of puncture in it. 

Complex proposals with various types of communication (ununion and union writing and subservient), signs of puncture in them.

The concept of text and its parts, the main features of the text.

Type of speech: narrative, description, reasoning.

Speaking styles: conversational, artistic, business.

In the literature examination, incoming persons must show:

-        A knowledge of the texts of the 19th - 20th - century Russian literature listed below.

-      An understanding of the artistic, moral, philosophical and social significance of literary works

-       Knowledge of the creative way of writers whose works are part of the programme

-        An understanding of the basic patterns of the historical and literary process.

According to literature theory, the examiner is required to possess the following concepts and terms:

-       Artistic image

-       Tragic, heroic, comic

-       The content and form of the literary work

-       Subject, problem, copyright

-       Satira, humor, irony

-       The character, lyrical hero; the storyteller, the author's image

-       Conflict and plot, composition, character system

-       Artistic detail; portrait, landscape, interior

-       Comparison and antithesis, hyperbole and grotesque, symbol and allegory

-       Artistic speech; dialogue and monologue; metaphor, epithet

-       Prose and poems; basic poems, rhyme, strep

-      Births of literary works: epis, lyrics, dramas and their main genres

-      Romanticism, realism, modernism.

Literary works

V.A. Zhukovsky. "Evening, "Impossible," "Mare," "Svetlana."

I.A. Wings. 5-6 bassin, bass. (at the choice of the examiner)

A.S. Griboedov. "Woe is insane."

A.S. Pushkin. "Freedom, to Chaadaev (Love Hopes, quiet glory...), "The village", "The sun went out...", "The prisoner," "To the sea", "I remember the wonderful moment...", 19 October (1825). "The prophet", "The depth of the Siberian ores...", "The poet", "Ariane", "Ancar", "The hills of Georgia lie at night...", "The winter morning", "I loved you: "Love, perhaps...", "Poet" ("Poet Don't Care About People's Love..."), "Elegia", "Autumn", "I built myself a monument that's unmanageable", "Eugenia Oneguin", "Medine Horseman", "Captain's Daughter".

M.J. Lermontov. "Angel, "Parus," "Death of a poet," "Borodino", "Molitva" ("I, Mother of God, now with prayer ..."), "Poet" ("The Split of the Gold Blast..."), "Duma" ("How Often the Pest is Encircled by ...), "And Bored and Sad...", "Rodina", "Outez", "Son" ("In a Half-day Heat in the Dagestan Valley..."), "I Am Out alone on the Road...", "Probed", "The Song of King Ivan Vasiljevic, a Young Nut and a Far Sailor," "Mitsiri", "The Gray of Our Time".

N.W. Gogol. "Auditor, "Dead souls"

A.N. Ostrovsky. "The storm, "The Ingredient"

I.A. Goncharov. "Faults."

I.S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Children, Mumu.

N.S. Leskov. "Left."

N.A. Nekrasov. "The Troika, "The Day of the Day of Resurrection, the Day of Resurrection. 1 hour per hour Six..., forgotten village, reflections at the front door, Iron Road, who lives well on Rusi. F. I. Tütchev. "Cicero, spring water «Silentium!», «О "Oh, these eyes!" "I met you, and everything was..." "The smart Russia doesn't understand," "Oh, how deadly we love..."

A.A. Fet. "The cat sings The eyes of the sculptor. ...», «You're not at dawn. Buddy..., "Wheat, shy breath...", "The moon was full of a garden..."

M.E. Saltykov-Schedrine. The stories: "The story of, As one.. ..as one The man fed the two generals, the Wild Lander, the Bear on Voivodeship, the Wise Sander.

L.N. Tolstoy. "War and peace".

F.M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and punishment."

F.M. Chekov. "Death of official, Hameleon, Student The man in the case, the soul, the Ionich, the cherry garden.

M. Grim. "Old Lady Izergil, "Breathing", "Breathing" and "Breathing of the Earth" "Human beings."

I.A. Boonin. "Master from San Francisco. " — 1 Peter 2: 1 - 3.... ..a.c or any other type of person a story of the choice of the examiner. - Yeah, yeah.

A.A. Block. "We met you at sunset..." "Girl." Singing in the church choir..., "The Stranger," "Oh, spring without end."

и "Oh, I want to live insanely..." The Culikov field cycle, "Twelfth."

S.A. Jesenin. "I am the last poet of the village..." "Write of the letter" Mother, "Called out the groves of gold...", "Shagane, you are mine, Shagane...", "Sleeping the rug, the plain, dear...", "Kachalova's dog," "Inconvenient liquid moon...".

V.V. Mayakovsky. "An extra-ordinary adventive Former with Vladimir Mayakovsky summer at the lecture, "Oh shit," "The Scattered", "Talk to Tatyane Yakovleva" and "All Voice".

Ah. Ahmatova. "The dark boy wandered alleys..." "Squeezed." Hands under the dark veil..., "Tonight," "I had a voice," "He called comfortably...", "Not with those who threw the earth, "Nor with those who threw the earth", "Normal Sonnet", "Morning Land", "Requiem".

B.L. Pasternak. "February. Get ink and cry! в     It's a wind, a branch running..., Hamlet, Winter Night, Dawn, August, "Being famous isn't nice...," "All I want to get to..."

M.I. Flower. "My poems written so early..." "Bessonice, my friend!" "The other day I looked in the eye...", "The Tosca of Homeland", "Come, look like me...", "I like that you're not sick with me...", "Poets," "Who is made of stone, who is made of clay...", "The Silence of Moscow." 

A.N. Tolstoy. "Russian character."

M.A. Bullgakov. "Dog Heart, Turbine Days Master and Marguerite.

M.A. Sholokhov. ""The fate of man."

A.T. Twardovsky. "Vasily Turkin.

A. I. Solzhenitsyn. ""One day, Ivan Denisovich," Matrenine Court (one of the works chosen by the examiner).

W.G. Rasputin. "Live and remember."

V.M. Shukshin. "Screen, Crazy, Mil Pardon Madame."

Model ticket in Russian and literature

1.      Image of local noblery in the poem by N.W. Gogol, "Dead souls"

2.      The theme of love is Marina Coloraeva's lyric.

3.      Proposals with homogeneous members, unions with homogeneous members.

4.      Syntax proposal review.

Morphology

Article. The general concept of the use of article.

Noun's first name:. Multiplier education. The shape of the gravitational paddle, the combination of the nouns. с    pretexts expressing some of the meanings of the Russian-language decline.

Additive name:. Formation of degrees of comparison (general rules and special cases).

Numerical name. Quantity and order Numerical.

Locations. Personal Attractive, Undefined Questionive, relative and indicative pronouns 

The verb. The personal forms of the verb. The use of verbs: to have, to be, to do; should, would as independent and Use of verb be as a verb of ligament. Use of verbs to be and to have in modular meaning. Supporting verbs shall, will. Modical verbs can, May, must. Group verb time system Indefinite, Continious, Perfect, Active Voice. Education Passive Voice. Consumption verbs в Present, Past, Future Indefinite Tense Passive Voice; Present, Past Continious Tense Passive Voice; Present, Past Perfect Tense Passive Voice. Sub-Junctive: Types of non-real conditional proposals in the English language Indirect, Participle, Gerund, their functions in the sentence. 

Word. The most consummable words. - Yeah. - Yeah, yeah. Steppins The comparison of words.

A pretext. The most common pretexts.

Union. Most commonly used essays and philanthropies, as well as the most widely used ones, have been published and published in the following languages: Subjugational unions.

Language. Main methods of language education: nouns, adjectives, verbs, words, essential souffixes and prefixes.

Syntax A simple proposal, an undistributed and circulated proposal. Main members of the proposal: Methods of expression of the subject. Proposals.       Order        words               в        in " positive "and negative proposals. Complicated and complexly subordinated         Proposals. The most user-friendly types of adjectives.

A model ticket in English

(for linguistic direction)

1. Read and recite an unknown text.

2. Carry out a lexico-grammatical task (translation of sentences and test)

3. It's a free talk.

A model ticket in English

(for non-special faculties)

1. Read and translate / recite an unknown text. >

2. Perform a grammatical task (test).

3. Discussion on a free topic

Requirements for the ownership of the material

Lexic material:. Active ownership of approximately 1,200 - 1,500 lexical units, language education, modelling of nouns, adjectives, numerals, speeches and verbs using the main language aphfixes.

Grammatical material.

Morphology

Article. Indeterminate, undefined A term determined Use of article with different groups of nouns.

It's a noun's name. Classification of names The only and multiple names of the nouns, the special cases of the formation of multiple nouns, the fall of the names of the nouns, the general and the glamorous ones, the names of the nouns, the names of the nouns.

The name is adjective. Place of adjectives at: Several features of the use of adjectives in relative and excellent degrees of comparison. Use of adjectives with verbs.

The name is numeral. Quantity and order Simple and decimals, interest rates, phone numbers.

The location. Personal pronouns (as applicable and Absolute form of gravitational pronouns, indication pronouns, return pronouns, question pronouns, indeterminate pronouns, negative pronouns      some,     any,    no,    everyII. Positions . 1 - 3 - Yeah. oneQualitative pronouns.

The verb, okay.. Group verb time system Indefinite/Simple, Continuous/Progressive, Perfect, Active Voice. Use of the tender in the following temporary forms: Present, Past, Future Indefinite Passive; President, Past Continental Passive; President, Post Perfect Passive. Use in the so-called proposed passivity (the Prepositional Passive). Use in a grand inclination in positive and negative forms. Use of the modular verbs. > > can, may, must, should, ought to, be to, have to, be able to, needn’t in different values, and Use of phrasing verbs. Use of non-personal forms - infective, herundy, first and second communion, including choice of herundy or infective after certain verbs.stop doing/ stop to do) Use of the "complex supplement" after the verbs hear, see, note, Watch, foel; after the verbs want, projection, believe, know, advise, consider, order, tel, allow, like, find, hate, etc.; after the verbs make and let in active and passive bails. 

A narration. It's the formation of speeches. - Yeah, yeah. The lines of the speech comparison, the location of the words in the sentence

A pretext. The most common pretexts.  

Union. The functions of the union in the proposal. Alliances in Complicated and difficult to submit to the proposals neither…nor, either…or, both…and.

Syntax. Simple sentence. Non-distributed and distributed sentences. Main members of the sentence. Methods of expression to be expressed. Types of words to be spoken (glagular, simple, composite verb and specific). Secondary members of the proposal. Order of words in affirmative, question and negative sentences. Proposals with design there is/are. Unsatisfied proposals, complicated and complex proposals, most consumable types of adjectives.

A model ticket in English International Relations

 1.     Written Test.

 2.     Read and retell an unfamiliar text (based on current political events).

 3.     Oral presentation on a specified topic.

 

A model of a written test (1st question of the examination card)

 I Choose the correct answer.

1.               Do you know where Jane is?

 a)          I’m sorry not to.           b) I regret, but no.        c)    Pardon,    I

don’t know.      d) I’m afraid I don’t.

2. It is sometimes impossible ____ in these times.

a) for remaining                                        b) to remain optimistic

c) remaining optimistic           d) for a person remain optimistic

3.    I advertised several times for someone to mow the lawn for me, but ____ the end I had to do it myself.

a) in                    b) by                   c) at                     d) to

4.      We have arranged special insurance for medical ____ in the event of an accident.

a) prices            b) expenses    c) accounts       d) money

5. They have ____ the old castle and it is now a luxury hotel.

a) transformed              b) undone         c) remade         d) constructed

6. I can ____ with most things but I cannot stand noisy children.

a) put aside      b) put on           c) put up            d) put off

7. We very much ____ that you will come to dinner next Friday.

a) wish              b) want                             c) like                 d) hope

8. This ticket ____ one person to the museum.

a) permits        b) admits           c) enters            d) allows

9. I heard that the ____ at the end of the match was 2-0.

a) account        b) total               c) score                            d) number

10. If you wear that red hat, I’ll be able to ____ you in the crowd.

a) pick               b) spot                c) discover       d) realize

II. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct form:

1.               It’s a great pity you ____ (not come) to Brighten with us last Saturday. As you never ____ (see) the sea before, it____(be) a new experience for you.

2.               I suggest ____ (telephone) the hospital before ____ (ask) the police ____ (look) for him.

3.               By the time he leaves school his parents ____ (spend) $

25,000 on his education.

4.               You hardly ____ (believe) it, but that ____ (be) the third time tonight someone____(telephone) me.

5.               I ____ (wait) for the prices of the houses ____ (come) down before ____ (buy) a house, but I think I ____ (wait) too long and the prices ____ (begin) to go up again.

6.               People used ____ (make) fire by ____ (rub) two sticks together.

7.               We had hoped to see several famous paintings, but the gallery ____ (reorganize) at the time of our visit and most of the really valuable works ____ (move) for safe keeping.

8.               What a dreadful person! Can you imagine ____ (work) with him?

9.               ―Mr. Smith ____ (not work) here for four years. ____ (be) you sure you ____ (get) the right name? ‖

10.            Can you come to the police station? The man who ____ (suspect) of stealing your wallet ____ (arrest) and ____ (question) at the moment.

List of oral topics proposed as the basis for the examination (3rd question of the examination card)

1.     The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Geography and Economy, Politics, Cities, Press

UK Political System

London and Other Cities of Great Britain Press in the United Kingdom

Educational System and Famous Universities Celebrations in the UK

2.      The United States of America: Geography and Economy, Politics, Cities, Press

US Political System

Washington, D.C. and Other Cities in the USA Press in the USA

American Holidays

Educational System and Famous Universities

3. Russia: Geography and Economy, Politics, Cities and Press State System of the Russian Federation

Moscow and Other Cities of Russia Press in Russia

Educational System Holidays in Russia

4.     The Republic of Abkhazia: Geography and Economy, Politics, Press

The Political System

Abkhazian State Symvolics (description of the state flag and emblem)

Press in Abkhazia My native town Educational System Holidays in Abkhazia

5. Sports

The Olympic Games

 6.    The Outstanding politicians of the world

 7. Problems of the Modern World Environmental Protection and Pollution Conflicts of the world

 8. I and the World I Live in

 About myself: family, friends, school, hobbies, preferences in life I and My Plans for the Future.

 

The German language examination shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of the foreign language programme for applicants, which shall be limited to:

- to read and understand an unknown text

- To express their thoughts on what has been read in a monologue or dialogue format

- To express or engage in dialogue on topics close to those studied at school

- use grammatical software.

During the oral interview, the applicant has the opportunity to demonstrate the development of communication skills; the interview is personal and takes into account the social experience of the applicant.

Morphology

Noun's first name:. The fading of the names of the nouns.

Article. Use of a particular article. Use of an indeterminate article, use of a zero article.

The verb. Education and use of temporary forms Strong and weak, and incorrect verbs in Präsens, Futurum I, Perfekt, Plusquamperfekt, Präterit.

Name         adjective::: Adjective inclinations: Formation of degrees of application comparison

WordEducation in the degree of comparison of words: classification of words; classification of words.

Location:. Classification of pronouns. Slope Personal, indexing, relative and question-and-question pronouns. Undefined is the personal pronoun of man.

 Arguments. The pretexts of dual control. The pretexts The managers of the dutiful, related, and vindictive paedejays. - Yeah, yeah.

 Syntaxy.          A simple, common, simple narrative proposal, a question-and-answer proposal, an education and the use of adjective additional proposals.

Model German-language ticket

(in the direction of linguistics)

1.      Lesen sie und ubersetzen sie den Text (Christa. 3).

2.      Antworten sie auf die Fragen zum Text.

3.      Sprechen sie zum Thema: Meine Heimat – Abchasien.

I. Ancient period

Prenatal community. Natural and climatic conditions The first herd, the era of the lower paleolith, the memory of the Achelian and mustierian cultures, and the tools and tools.

The birth community. The birth of a child. Highest memorials: Paleolite, mesolite and neolite in Abkhazia, changes in people's economic activities, social relations, hunting and gathering, farming and pastoralism, the birth of primitive art, the formation of a modern type of man, the Kromanyon, Neolite, the time of the birth of the matriarchate.

Degradation of the descent community. Transition from matriarchate to The eneolytic era, the bronze culture, the four stages of non-ferrous metallurgy, the Dolmens and the Cromlech, the material and spiritual culture of the bronze age.

Origin of the Abkhaz people. The peoples and languages of the Abhazo-Adig group, the West Caucasus Group, the breakdown of the Abhazo-Adigian French language, the theory of the ethnogenetic relationship of the Abhazo-Adigs with the Lao-Asian Hutts, the Ethnonyms "Kashka" and "Abeshla" in ancient written sources, the data of the toponymy, the autotony of the Abhazas in their historical homeland, Abkhazia.

Start Iron Age in Abkhazia. Bronze bloom Kolhid archaeological culture: Three basic conditions for the birth of the iron and steel industry, further development and separation of crafts, Skiffs and ancient Abkhazs, and Skif stuff in Abkhazia.

Greek colonization and Anti-Abhazia. Ethnic The composition of Abkhazia in the early days: Coracs, Cochs, Kols. Geniohi are the ancient ancestors of the Abkhaz, the beginning of the Greek colony, the Greek settlement, the Diocuriada, the Esher city, the Gienos, the commercial, economic and cultural links of the Greek colonies of Abkhazia.

The late (Rimsco-Visantian) era in Abkhazia. The main trade, economic and cultural centres of late Abkhazia, Sebastopolis, Pithiount, the ethnic and political entities of Abkhazia during the late era, Apsils, the main fortress of Apsilia, Tzibila, Abasgi, the material culture of the Abasgows, Abasgi and Byzantia, Sanigi, the ancestors of the Abhaz, Misimiane.

The culture of ancient Abkhazia. Personal nature of the home and of the family, as well as the family. The cultural influence of ancient Greeks, Romans and Byzantine, the place of Greek language in the cultural life of the country, memorials to writing and art, early Christianity, and the Pitsund Christian organization.

II. Middle Ages

Socio-economic relations in the early-medium-century Abkhazia (VI)–VIIвв.). The birth and the birth of the child, and the birth of the child The development of early-federal relations, cities, fortresses and large settlements, agriculture and its basic crops, animal husbandry, craft production and its leading industries, trade routes and economic relations with the outside world, the struggle of the Abkhaz against alien conquerors in the 7th of Iran-Wizantian competition. The tracheal battle, the events in Apsil, the Misimian war, the end of the Iranian-Visant war and its aftermath.

The Arab infestation and the Anacopian battle. Abkhazia in VII - W.I.E. VIII, "Devan of the Abkhaz kings." Mission of Lv Isavra in the Caucasus (701 - 711) Anokapi Fortress of the Arab congregation Mervan Glukhov to the Caucasus, Anacopian battle and its aftermath, Arab invasion in Apsil, St. Eustafius, Abkhazia, consolidation of the Abkhaz early-federal peoples. 

Abkhaz Kingdom (VIII)–(Svv.) Background The conditions and time of the formation of the Abkhaz kingdom. Leon II is the first king of the Abkhaz, the political boundaries and ethnic composition of the Abkhaz kingdom, the Abkhaz kingdom and the Hazaria, Abkhazia in the ninth century, the Eastern policy of the Abkhaz kings, the flourishing of the Abkhaz kingdom in the tenth century, the relationship with Byzantium, Armenia, Alania.

Culture of early Middle Ages Abkhazia       (VI–Xv  The acceptance of Christianity as an official State religion, the Abkhaz autocefical diocese, the main monuments of culture, architecture and culture, the Byzantine-Abkhaz cultural ties, the place of Greek language in the cultural life of the country, cultural ties with the peoples of the South and North Caucasus, the Middle East and Russia. Oral folk creativity of the feudal era. 

Abkhazia XI–XIII (in thousands of United States dollars) "The Kingdom of Abkhazians and Carterians". Bagrat III and his mother Guranducht. The meaning of the terms "Abhazia" and "Abkhazi". Tskhinvali voivodeship and Chachba-Shervashidze. Bagrat IV. Anacopian knot. The role of the Abkhazs in the kingdom of Bagraztid. The life and culture of the Abkhaz. Abkhazia XIII–XV V. Mongols invasion and break-up The relationship between the Abkhaz and the Megrelia (Sabediano), Genoa colonies on the territory of Abkhazia, the role of the city of Sebastopolis, trade and monetary treatment, the slave trade, and material culture.

Abasins. Origin and abazine of abazine The time and alleged reasons for the relocation to the North Caucasus, Tapanta and Ashharua.

Socio-economic relations in Abkhazia XVI–XVIII(in thousands of United States dollars) State structure of the owner The main social classes, the division of the feudal tops, the social categories of peasants, agriculture and crafts.

Domestic and external political situation The Abkhaz Princeship in XVI – XVIII (in thousands of United States dollars) Relationship with Megrelyia in XVI-XVII, the 30-year war with Megrelia, the Abkhaz struggle for political autonomy, independence, the political and ethnic boundaries of the Abkhaz Princeship, the property of the Chachba-Shervashidze dynasty, the mystery of the Kelasur Wall, the establishment of the border on Ingura.

Abkhazian Princeship and Turkey (XVI) – XVIII вв.). Turks in Abkhazia: Establishment of links: Islamic expansion, Sukhumi-Kale, Abhaz and Turks in the eighteenth century, State of the People's Economy and Culture, Slave Trade and Maritime Piracy.

Culture           medieval           Abkhazia.           The ethnic identity of the late Middle Ages Abkhaz, Christianity and Islam, the experiences of paganism, art and architecture, folklory, labour and ritual songs, musical folklory and instruments, and the stories that ascend to the feudal era.

Accession of the Abkhaz Princeship to Russia. The international political situation at the turn of the 18th - 19th century, the political and ethnic border of Abkhazia by its 19th century, the struggle of the great Powers for domination of the Caucasus, the internal and foreign policy of Keleshbei Chachba (Shervashidze), his dream of independence, the taking of Suhum by Russian desante, the Russian-Turkey war 1806 – 1812gg, and Abkhazia's position. Keleshebei's murder. Two views on Aslanbei's role.

People's economy and social relations in the first half of the 19th century. Farming and the cattle-breeding, and the cattle-- and the cattle--- and the cattle. home Special features of social relations in Abkhazia: trade and urban life, maritime communications, the emergence of market relations.

Political situation of Abkhazia following accession to Russia. Relaxing of the George and George's power of ownership Dmitrie Chacba, 1821 and 1824, under the leadership of Aslanbei, the administrative and territorial structure of Abkhazia, the Abkhazian expedition, the Russian troops' punitive expeditions against the Montagnards, the colonial policy of royalism, the Russian-Caucasian war and Abkhazia, the first waves of Mahajiriya.

Abkhazia during the Crimean War. The Contestation of the Great Desant Omer Pasha, the battle of Ingur, the master prince Michael Chachba (Shervashidze) and his position during the war, the end of the war and its consequences for Abkhazia, the Paris tract, the new wave of Mahajirism.

The end of the Russian-Caucasian war and the abolition of the Abkhaz princeship. Abkhazia after the Crimean War. Attempting to unite the North-West Caucasus mountain people in the final phase of the Russian-Caucasian war, the Abkhaz-Adygian delegation in London, the conclusion of the Caucasus war, the expulsion of the Sads and the Ostrovs, the abolition of the Abkhaz Princeship, the identity of Mikhail Chachba-Shervasheedze and his policies in recent years of the Russian-Caucasian war. Introduction of Russian administration.

1866 Rebellion. Background causes and reasons Rebellion: The Lakhnen Assembly on July 26, 1866 and the beginning of the uprising, the progress of the rebellion, its suppression, Prince George Shervashidze-Chacba, the attempt to restore Abkhaz statehood, the repression of the rebels, the mass mahajirism.

III. New time.

The implementation of the reform of the peasants' society Activities The situation of 1 November 1870, the characteristics of the peasant reform in Abkhazia, its consequences and significance.

The 1877 uprising and the events of the Russian-Turkeyn war 1877– 1878g in Abkhazia. Causes and progress of the new rebellion Abkhazia, its driving forces, the start of the Russian-Turkey war, the landing of the Turkish despot, the military operations on the territory of Abkhazia, the repression of the rebels, the declaration of the Abkhaz "guilty population", the new wave of Mahajiriya, the plight of the displaced in a foreign country. The policy of Russia and Turkey vis-à-vis the resettlement movement of the Caucasus and those returning to their homeland.

The socio-economic situation of the reformed Abkhazia. The birth and development of capitalist (market) elements in agriculture: Gardens, commerce and industry, means of communication and transport, characteristics of capitalist relations in Abkhazia, ethnic revolution, colonization of the province and its forms (rental, industrial, resort, etc.). 

Abkhazia during the first Russian revolution. Workers' and workers' groups' Social Democratic Movement at the beginning of the twentieth century, the Revolutionary Movement in Abkhazia in 1905-1906, the stocks of fighting groups, the attempts to establish popular and revolutionary power (Gagra, Gudauta, Samyrzakan), the special features of the revolution in Abkhazia from 1905 to 1907, the removal of "guilty" from the Abkhaz population.

The culture of Abkhazia 19 – the beginning of the XX W. New stripe The cultural development of Abkhazia following the accession of the Russian Federation, rural life, urban life, the formation of national intellectuals, members of Abkhaz culture, science and education, and the creation of Abkhaz writing and artistic literature.

Abkhazia between the two revolutions (1907)–1917g). The re-orientation of the policy of czarism (from the whip to the prune), the rebirth of the Abkhaz, the awakening of national consciousness, the formation of national intellectuals, and Abkhazia in the years of World War I 1914-1917.

Abkhazia 1917–1921gg. The February Revolution and Toleration Establishment of the organs of the Interim Government in Abkhazia, the Abkhaz Union with the Montagnards: participation in the SOGC and the South-East Union, the formation of the Abkhaz People's Council, the de facto authority in Abkhazia, the struggle for the political independence and State independence of the Abkhaz people, the situation in Abkhazia after the October Revolution. Soviet authority in Abkhazia in the spring of 1918, Batum Conference, recognition of the Gore Republic, restoration of Abkhaz statehood (11 May 1918), Treaty of 11 June 1918, occupation of Abkhazia by Georgian troops, Abkhaz landing, first ANS break-up (August 1918), second ANS break-up, "Democratic elections" to ANS, "Autonomy" to Abkhazia. The struggle around the ANS (October 1918), the Constitution of Abkhazia, on the national policy of Georgia, the situation in Abkhazia by 1921, the right to freedom of expression, the right to self-determination, the right to self-determination and the right to self-determination.

IV. Soviet time

Re-establishment of Soviet authority in Abkhazia. Creation Revcoma Abkhazia in mid-February 1921, the role of the Kiyaraz troops and part IX of the Red Army, the establishment of Soviet authority in Gagra, Gudauta, New Afon, the liberation of Sukhumi from the smaller Georgians (4 March 1921), the establishment of Soviet authority in Ochamchira and Gale. Revcom Abkhazia addressed the head of Soviet Russia, V. I. Lenin, on 10 March 1921. 

Re-establishment of the statehood of Abkhazia (1921)–1930). First activities of the Soviet authority in Abkhazia: Batum Meeting and its decision: Declaration of Abkhazia by the Soviet Socialist Republic, Revcom Declaration of Georgia on the Independence of the SSR Abkhazia, Federal Treaty between Soviet Georgia and Soviet Abkhazia (16 December 1921). I Congress of the Councils of Abkhazia (February 1922). The formation of the USSR and the place of Abkhazia in it, the Constitution of Abkhazia 1925 and 1927gg, the organs of State authority, the symbols of Herb and the flag of the SSR of Abkhazia, the enactment of the constitutional acts, laws and codes of Abkhazia, the relations between Abkhazia and Georgia.

Rehabilitation of the people's economy of Abkhazia (1921)– 1930g). Agrarian reform. Collection and its Traditional and new crops, popular education, first steps towards the establishment of the Abkhaz National School, the Cooperative Movement, the Sowkhozi and the Kolkhoz.

Decline in Abkhazia's State status: transformation of the SSR Abkhazia into an autonomous republic Increase in Georgian expansion and pressure on Abkhazia: Decision of the Presidency of Zakrejkom UKP(b) on 19 January 1930 Decision IV of the Congress of the Councils of Abkhazia in February 1931 and VI of the All-Georgian Convention of Councils on the transformation of the SSR of Abkhazia into an autonomous republic. Inclusion of Abkhazia into the Georgian SSR. "Duripsh Sean" 18-26 February 1931.

Abkhazia in the 1930s.  Industrialization and its characteristics: Collectiveization and its characteristics: Industry, resorts, education, science, the new Constitution of Abkhazia (2 August 1937), the political system of the 1930s, the cult of the individual, the totalitarian-bureaucratic regime of Stalin and its implications for Abkhazia. Political processes of the second half of the 1930s and mass repression: the continuation of the colonization of Abkhazia and the resettlement policy and their consequences.

Abkhazia during the Great Patriotic War (1941–41)1945 (c The beginning of the war, the fighting in the Caucasus, the Abkhaz fighter battalions, the fighting for the crossovers of Abkhazia and the village of Pshu, the transformation of the economy into a military one, the sons of Abkhazia on the fronts of the VVA and their exploits, the significance of the Great Patriotic War, the policy of resettlement in the years of the VAW in Abkhazia, the activities of the Abhaz Resettlingster Trust. The Georgianization of Abkhaz toponymy, the closure of Abkhaz schools. 

Abkhazia in the post-war years (1946-1960) Re-establishment of the national economy: social life, letters to Stalin in 1953 at the CK VK (B) 1947, the continuation of the colonization of Abkhazia, the disclosure of Stalin's identity cult, measures to restore the disadvantaged rights of the Abkhaz people during the period of the "Hrushchev thaw", cultural construction, the development of science.

Abkhazia 1960–The 1980s. Socio-economic The stages of the national liberation movement of the Abkhaz people, the Georgian-Abkhaz confrontation of 1989, the formation of the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, the social and political life of Abkhazia in 1989-1992, the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Abkhazia (25 August 1990) the repeal of the Constitution of the Abkhaz ASSR of 1978. and the introduction of the Constitution of the SSR of Abkhazia of 1925. Acceptance of the State symbols of the Ra: Gerba and Flaga (23 July 1992).

Culture Abkhazia in Soviet time. Abkhazia Literary, folk education, theatre, music culture, horeography, visual arts, science, scientific abchazoology. 

The National War of the People of Abkhazia (1992)–1993-). The social and political situation in Abkhazia on the eve of the war, the causes and beginning of the war, the general mobilization in Abkhazia, the popular militias, the voluntary movements, the blockade of Tkvarchala, the Russian factor in the Georgian-Abkhaz war, the final document of the Moscow meeting on 3 September 1992. Release of Gaghra (2 October) and the entire north-west Abkhazia (6 October 1992) Situation in the occupied part of Abkhazia, Eastern Front, Genocide of Abkhaz Science and Culture, Burning of the Abkhaz Institute and State Archives (22 October 1992), Latvian tragedy (14 December 1992), West position in the Georgian-Abkhaz war. The solemnization of "dual morality" and "dual standards".

Major offensives by the Abkhaz Army during the war. January and March offensive. July On 27 July 1993, the Sochi Agreement in Abkhazia, the beginning of the September offensive (16 September 1993), the liberation of settlements on the Eastern Front, the liberation of Sukhumi (27 September 1993). Exile of the occupiers, possession of the Abkhaz flag at the Ingur border (30 September 1993), the outcome of the war and its significance 

Abkhazia in the post-war years (1993) – (in 2000) Consequences The social and economic situation of Abkhazia, the blockade and political isolation, the process of political settlement and the policy of the world Powers, the Russian factor in this process, the declaration on measures for the settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict of 4 April 1994, the adoption of the Constitution (26 November 1994) and the anthem of the Republic of Abkhazia. Revanchist sentiments of Georgia, peace-keeping forces, referendum under the Constitution of the Republic of Abkhazia (3 October 1999) "Act on the State Independence of the Republic of Abkhazia", Ardzinba V.G. is the first President of the RA.

Model of a ticket on Abkhazia's historical history

1. The political boundaries and ethnic composition of the population of the Abkhaz Kingdom in the VIII-X W.

2. The Russian-Turkey war of 1877-1878 and the mass relocation of the Abkhaz to Turkey

3. Post-war development of Abkhazia: difficulties in negotiating processes

East Slavs in the second half of the first millennium. The settlement and occupation of the Eastern Slavs. Community structure, religious beliefs, neighbors of the Eastern Slavs.

Ancient Russian State (IX – first half of XII) The premise of the formation of the Ancient Russian State, the "Norman influence" on the formation of an ancient Russian State, the characteristics of the economic, social and political structure of the Ancient Russians, the Prince of the Ancient Russians, their politics, the baptism of the Russians, the trading ties of the Ancient Russi, the Russians, the nature of the relationship. Main achievements of ancient Russian culture.

Russian land in XII - mid-XVv. Background The largest political centres of the Russian unit (Vladimiro-Suzdala Princeship, Novgorod Grande, Galicko-Voljny Princeship: political structure, economic and cultural development). The problem of the relationship between Russia and the Golden Order, the influence of the Mongolian invasion on the history of Russia, the consequences of feudal fragmentation, the premises of the unification of Russian lands, Moscow as the centre of unification, the Moscow princes and their policies, the emergence of a united Russian state in XIV - XV V. The role of the church in the consolidation of Russian lands. The Kulikov battle and its significance, the Russian culture in CPs – the middle of the XV V. Pheodal War – the formation of the Great Prince of Lithuania, the Russian lands of the Great Prince of Lithuania.

The Russian State in the second half of the XV - the beginning of the 17th century. Finalization of the unification of Russian lands and Education of the Russian State: Establishment of the organs of central authority. Culture in the 15th of the Judicial Court of 1497, Forms of Land Use, Population Categories, the beginning of the enshrining of peasants, Russia under Ivan IV Grozny, the reforms of the Chosen Rada, the laying of an ideological self-government, the policies of its sidelines and its impact on the development of the country. The expansion of Russia's territory in the 16th century in the Livon War, Russia's culture in the 16th century in the 16th century, the beginning of the 17th century, the causes, nature, consequences, the struggle against the speech of Pospolitan and Sweden, and the beginning of the Romanov dynasty.

Russia in the 17th century. Remediation of the effects of confusion. New :: Strengthening of the central authority, the social and political structure, the 1649 cathedral, the legal form of the law of the serfdom, the expansion of the territory of the Russian State in the 17th century of the church in the life of the country, the religious division, the old order, the social movements in the 17th century, the peoples of the Russian Federation in the 17th century. Russia's culture is in the 17th century.

Russia in the first half of the 18th century. Historical Reforms of Peter I (social-economic, State-administrative, military); objectives, content, consequences; the establishment of "absoluteism" in Russia; "Trenches of Petrov's nest": the fellows of Peter; foreign policy in the first quarter of XVIII in the North War; the formation of the Russian Empire. Changes in culture and life in the Petrov era, the price of petrovic transformations, Russia in the era of palace coups.

Russia in the second half of the 18th century. Domestic policy: Ekaterina II. Enlightened Absolutism: Awaited Letters to the nobles and the cities, Russian economy in the second half of 18th, the prosperity of serfdom, the social movements in the second half of XVIII in the wars of the second half of XVIII, the accession of the new territories, and Paul I's internal and foreign policy. The culture of the peoples of Russia and its links to the European and world culture of XVIII.

Russia in 1801–1860gt. Domestic and foreign policy Alexandra I. Abkhazia's accession to Russia, the 1812 domestic war, the Russian Army's overseas march 1813-1814gg. Decabrist, the domestic policy of Nikolai I. Socio-economic development of pre-reformed Russia. The beginning of an industrial coup. "Slavicophiles and Westerns, supporters of community socialism, the peoples of Russia in the first half of the nineteenth century, the Caucasus and Abkhazia, national politics in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, the Crimean War, and the development of culture in the first half of the nineteenth century.

Russia in 1860 –1890g. Internal policies of Alexander II. Reforms 1860-1870. Internal policies of Alexander III. Socio-economic development during the reformed period. Finalization of the industrial coup, the emergence of trade and industrial monopolies. Current currents, political parties and social movements in 1860-1890. Conservatives, liberals. Evolution of the People's Movement, the beginning of the Russian Social Democracy Movement, the main directions and events of Russia's foreign policy between 1860 and 1890, expansion of the territory of the Empire, participation in military alliances, and the peoples of the Russian Empire in the second half of XIX. Russian policy in Abkhazia and in the North Caucasus after the Caucasus War, the development of the province of culture and the existence of the peoples of Russia in the second half of XIX. The contribution of Russian culture XIX to world culture.

Russians in 1900, huh ?–1916gt. Russia at the end XIX & beginnings > > > XX The reforms of S.Y. Vitte, the Russian-Japan war, the currents, political parties and social movements in Russia at the turn of the century, the revolution of 1905–2007gg, the Doum monarchy, the reforms of P.A., Stolipin, culture at the beginning of the 20th century. Russia in World War I, the impact of war on Russian society.

Russia in 1917–1920gg. The revolution of February 1917г. From February to October, the two-way government and the Councils, the proclamation and approval of Soviet power, the Constituent Assembly, the internal and foreign policy of the Soviet Government in 1917-1920, the formation of a one-party system, the civil war: participants, stages, major fronts, the military communism. Outcomes and consequences of the Civil War.

Soviet Russia, USSR 1920–1930g. The crisis has begun. The 1920s, the transition to a new economic policy, the formation of the USSR, the choice of means of integration, the national policy of 1920-1930, the political life of 1920-1930, the intra-party struggle, the cult of the identity of I.V. Stalin, the mass repression, the 1936 Constitution, the closing of the new economic policy, the accelerated modernization of: Industrialization, collectiveization. "Cultural revolution" (reconfirmation of a new ideology, elimination of illiteracy, development of education, science, artistic literature and art) Foreign policy of the Soviet State in 1920-1930, USSR in the initial phase of World War II, Soviet-Finnish war, accession of the Baltic republics. Soviet-German talks.

Great Patriotic War 1941–1945. Main Stages and battles of the Great Patriotic War, the heroism of the Soviet people during the years of war, behind the years of war, the ideology and culture during the years of war, the fascist "new order" in the occupied territories, the Party Movement, the Anti-Hitler coalition, the conclusion of the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War, the outcome and lessons of the war. Power and society in the years of war, chieftains of the Great Patriotic War.

USSR 1945–1991gg. Soviet Union in the first post-war period Decade: economic reconstruction, the creation of nuclear-missile weapons, the ideology of the 1940s, the Cold War and its impact on domestic and foreign policy, the USSR in the mid-1950s and mid-1960s, political life in the country in the mid-1950s, the KPSS Congress and its significance, reforms in the socio-economic sphere The policy of peaceful coexistence: the USSR in the mid-1960s – the mid-1980s Constitution of 1977 – the escalation of crisis phenomena in Soviet society; foreign policy in the mid-1960s – mid-1980s; the establishment of strategic military parity between the USSR and the United States; the policy of defusing international tension; and the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1980s. Policy of restructuring and transparency: attempts to reform the economy and the political system: foreign policy: "New political thinking." The events of 1991 of the Soviet Union, the formation of the CIS, and the development of Soviet science and culture in the 1950s and 1980s.

Russia in 1992–2012. The emergence of a new Russian 1993: Adoption of the 1993 Constitution on the transition to a market economy: political, economic and cultural development of modern Russia; economic and military cooperation between Russia and Abkhazia in the 1990s and 2000s; and recognition of Abkhazia's independence; Russia in the system of international relations.

A model ticket on the history of Russia

1. Russian struggle against external invasions in XIII.

2. Falling serf law in Russia

3. Elimination of the last pockets of civil war: causes of the victory of the Bolshevik people

General issues:

- The motivation for the choice of profession

- Future plans of the applicant (professional activities) 

- Participation in public works, and qualities of business

- A range of interests (including in the chosen profession)

Main achievements in studies and other fields of activity (participation in Olympics, competitions, etc.)

- Communicative competence (e.g., "Do you think it is possible to find a solution in a controversial matter that would satisfy everyone?").

Major challenges to modern social development Diversity of the modern world, the typology of society, the integrity and contradiction of the development of the modern world, the global problems of today and the ways to solve them, the environmental, energy and technological problems of international relations.

Historical types of society, historical reality, the idea of progress and the unity of the historical process, a formal and civilized approach to history, historical forms of human community, nations and inter-ethnic relations.

The economic life of society, the world economy and international economic relations.

Fundamentals of the political life of society: State: Personality in politics; Groups and organizations in politics; Political system and political regime; Legal State and civil society; Political parties and movements in Abkhazia; Electoral system and political culture of modern society; Democracy and its principles. Ideology and its role in society: international human rights instruments: Constitution of the Republic of Abkhazia: general characteristics and characteristics.

Social consciousness and its forms: science, morality, religion, art, diversity of cultures, tolerance, the role of politics in society, world religions, the principle of freedom of conscience.

Demographic processes in the modern world, the demographics of modern Abkhazia.

Contemporary problems in the development of international relations and global policy

Major trends in world political development: the current state of international relations, the concept of conflict and strategies for behaviour in international conflict, political implications.

International conflicts of today: political, territorial, inter-ethnic, religious and other sources, causes and ways of resolving conflicts in the Caucasus.

The problem of terrorism in international relations, popular diplomacy.

Basic rules and principles of international law:

- sovereign equality of States

- Non-use of force and the threat of force

- inviolability of borders

- Territorial integrity of States; peaceful settlement of disputes

The leading states of the world are the "twenties" of countries, the geopolitical interests of Russia at the beginning of the twenty-first century, globalization and the ethnopolitical component, Russia and Abkhazia, international organizations the essence and typology of international United Nations organizations, alliances and clubs. Non-governmental international organizations and their classification.

The national and State interests and foreign policy of Abkhazia.

Issues in domestic history

- Problems of origin of the Abkhaz people 

- Questions of the ancient history of Abkhazia.

- Ways of developing Abkhaz statehood.

- Culture of ancient and medieval Abkhazia.

- Abkhazia and Turkey XVI-XVIII V.

Problems of the history of Abkhazia in the 19th century.

- Abhazia at the end of the 19th beginning of the 20th century.

- Abhazia in Soviet times.

- The phases of the national liberation movement.

- The national war of the people of Abkhazia.

- Abchasia at the present stage. - Yeah, yeah.

Recommended literature:

Social awareness/edited by U.Y. Petrunin. M. 2011 (in Russian):

Zbedeva M.M. Political settlement of conflicts: approaches, solutions, technologies. M., 1999

Dear V.I., Kravchenko A.I. Sociology: Brief course. M. 2002

Web-based policy materials

History of Abkhazia: textbook: Bgajba O.H., Lakob S.Z. Sukhumi, 2007

Power. Three forms of power are power and authority: power, authority, power, hierarchy; and State power is executive, legislative and judicial

State. The term "State" in its broad and narrow meanings, the political system, the general characteristics of the State, the sovereignty, the internal and external functions of the State, the reasons for the emergence of the State.

National-State structure. Two trends in the world community: the unification of nations and the separation of nations, the central State, the main forms of national State structure (unitary, federal, confederate).

Forms of government. Monarchy and Republic: Monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, republican, parliamentary, presidential, mixed (semi-presidential).

Political regimes. The concept of a political regime: democratic and non-democratic regimes: authoritarianism is a concept and common features, a parliamentary regime, Parliament: a concept and structure (two-and unicameral), the main task of parliamentarians.

Civil society and the rule of law. Concept "Civil society." Citizenship, electoral law, the rule of law and its characteristics, the totalitarian State and its features.

State, elections, referendum. Voting: Active and passive voting rights, electorate (understood), election procedure (voting patterns, procedure for placing a candidate on the voting list), referendum.

Political parties. The concept of "political party" and its objectives: the classification of political parties (by way of organization, to power, by type of membership, to society, by type of political programme); the recognition of a political party (programme, statute, governing bodies, primary organizations, power struggle in the State).

Right. Social norms: the concept of "law"; the recognition of a right (expressed in legal acts; accepted by a public authority; the violation of a right entails legal responsibility; the regulation of specific acts of persons; the right not to last); the concepts of "legal capacity" and "power". Duties and rights; natural rights. Functions of law (regulating, protective), rule of law (understanding, types), branches of law.

Law and authority. The link between power and the law, the three main branches of government, their characteristics, the law enforcement agencies.

Constitution. The Constitution is the Basic Law of the State, the legal basis for human and civil rights and freedoms, the essence of fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms, the natural rights and freedoms of the individual and the citizen, the rights to housing, economic freedom of work, rest, medical care and social security. State and judicial protection of the human being, human rights and human responsibilities, and the Constitution's guarantee

Legislative power.Election to Parliament: Composition and term of office, rights and duties of Members of Parliament, powers of Parliament, right of legislative initiative.

The executive branch.The President's office, the Vice-President, the procedure for his election, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic, the procedure for his formation and the powers of the President, the Vice-President and the Head of the Cabinet of Ministers.

The judiciary. Implementation of justice in the Republic of Armenia: procedure for the formation of the judiciary: Supreme Court of Justice, Court of Arbitration, Military Court of Municipal and District Courts, Court proceedings, Supreme Judicial Authority in the Republic and its powers, Procurator-General of the Republic, procedure for his appointment and release, powers of the Attorney-General of the Republic. City and district prosecutors, appointment procedures and powers.

Law and property relations. The concept of "owner", property law, subjects of civil law, the concept of "transaction", "contract", contract types (storage, gift, sale, lease, man, contract, etc.).

The consumer and his rights. The concepts of "user", "perpetrator", consumer and manufacturer rights

Work and right. Conditions for admission to employment (age, qualification, medical examination), employment contract (form, period, probationary period), termination of employment contract (on the initiative of the employee, administration), working conditions (work time, rest time, right to leave).

Crime. The concept of "crime", forms of crime (acts, omissions), evidence of a crime (social danger, criminal wrongfulness, guilt and punishment), form of fault (intentions, negligence), administrative liability (understood, forms), disciplinary liability, criminal liability. The principle of the presumption of innocence: witness, suspect, accused person, investigator, types of sentence (conviction) and punishment.

Model ticket on the history of Abkhazia and the fundamentals of law

1. Accession of the Abkhaz Princeship to Russia, Russian-Abkhaz relations.

2. Political and social organizations and movements in Abkhazia in the 1990s XX in the 1990s.

3. State and judicial protection of the human person 

4. Significance of the law

This programme is in accordance with the programme for the 11th grade of general education schools approved by the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Abkhazia..

That and how economic science studies. The importance of economic science in today's world, what economic science studies, methods of studying economic phenomena.

Material needs and economic resources. Concept and types of needs: unlimited needs, economic resources, limited resources, economic choices, productive capacities of the economy

Production and reproduction. Production and its results, simple and expanded reproduction, the relationship between production, distribution, exchange and consumption.

Economic systems. TThe radiation system for organizing the economic life of society, the planned (administrative and command) economy, the market economy, the mixed economy. 

Goods and money (main market-based facilities) The substance and functions of money, the history of money.

The market and its functions. Market concept: Conditions for the emergence and functioning of the market: structure of the market by territorial position and by the place of sale; functions of the market 

Demand and supply. Market demand, the relationship between demand and prices, the market supply, the interaction between supply and prices.

Competition. The market for perfect competition, pure monopoly and oligopolies, their main features, antimonopoly policies.

Property and entrepreneurship Property, forms of ownership, and organizational and economic forms of business activity

ФActors of Production. Work as a factor of production, capital and working capital, land as a factor of production, entrepreneurship.

Production costs. The concept of production costs, their types, efficiency of production.

Income in the market economy (factorial income). Wages, interest on capital, land rent, profits.

National economy. Main macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income).

Economic growth. Economic growth and its measurement, types and sources of economic growth.

The cyclic nature of economic development. Economic cycle, phases of the economic cycle.

Unemployment.Unemployment and determination of its level, causes and forms of unemployment.

Inflation. Inflation and its causes: measurement of inflation, price index, types of inflation, effects of inflation.

The role of the State in the economy. Need for State regulation of the economy: means of State regulation of the economy. 

Money and the banking and credit system. Cash, amount of money needed in circulation, credit, monetary policy, banks and the banking system.

Finance and taxes.(Signed) N. N. N. N. of the State. State budget, taxes and their types.

 

Model social studies ticket (section "Fundamentals of the economy")

1. Production and results.

2. Economic resources: limited resources.

3. Causes and forms of unemployment.

Recommended literature

Introduction to economic knowledge: training manual for grade 9, Red Lagvilava R.M. Sukhumi, 1997.

The basics of economics, a manual for grades 10 to 11, Red.

Lagvilava R.M. Sukhumi, 1998

Other textbooks, teaching aids (sections, chapters) if they are in line with the programme.

                                                                                       Girls

II.         On the Swedish back wall, hand grabbing from the top, raising straight legs. above the head.

 

Swimming

 

	Style		Normative requirements:
№	navigation, and	Evaluation
	distance of the vehicle:		Men	Women
	Free style	5	134.0	142.0
1		4	150.0	158.0
	100 м
		3	No time taken into account
	The Ring On the back.	5	148.0	155.0
2		4	158.0	210.0
	100м
		3	No time taken into account
	Brass.	5	155.0	212.0
3		4	205.0	220.0
	100 м
		3	No time taken into account